《2012高考英语语法金点拨：非谓语动词》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2012高考英语语法金点拨：非谓语动词（6页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、2012高考英语语法金点拨：非谓语动词主动语态被动语态否定式句法功能一般式进行式完成式一般式完成式前面直接加not主宾表定状补动词不定式to doto be doingto have doneto be doneto have been done动词ingdoing-having donebeing donehaving been done过去分词 done vt.(被动完成) risen vi (主动完成)注：1.动词不定式的一般式所表示的动作常发生在谓语动词的动作之后或与谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行；进行式所表示的动作正在进行；而完成式所表示的动作则在谓语动词的动作之前发生。2.动词ing
2、的一般式所表示的动作在谓语动词之前、后或同时进行要看语境；而完成式所表示的动作在谓语动词之前发生。He came here to borrow a book. I pretended to be reading when mother came in. She is said to have been sent to Europe on business Being a student, he was interested in books.Having done his homework, he went to bed. The question being discussed is imp
3、ortant.一不定式和-ing形式作主语的区别1. -ing和不定式都可以作主语，-ing作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性行为，不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的将来动作。Smoking is forbidden here这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) Learning a foreign language is very useful.It is not very good for you to smoke so much你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) 2.不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。常见句型有it is adj. (of/for sb.) to do sth
4、.It took will and patience to do anything well. It is nice of you to say so.3.-ing在“It is no use/ no good/useless + doing”结构中作主语，it为形式主语。It is no good writing to him; he never answers letters.写信给他不妥，他从来不回信。It is no good crying the spilt milk.覆水难收4. 主表对称原则Seeing is believing.To see is to believe.二不定式
5、和ing形式作宾语的区别 1.-ing形式作宾语通常表示一般的、经常性的行为，而不定式作宾语表示特定的、具体的、一次性动作I like swimming , but I dont like to swim today.2. 1)有些动词或短语要求只接不定式作宾语：hope/ manage/ refuse/ pretend/ plan/ offer/ decide/ agree/ fail/ afford/ happen/ would like /would love / be likely + to do2)有些动词或短语只接ing作宾语：admit 承认 ； excuse 原谅 ； prac
6、tise 练习； appreciate 欣赏； finish 完成； prevent 防止； avoid 避免； forgive 宽恕；delay 耽搁； imagine 想象； keep 保留； risk 冒险； dislike 讨厌； mind 在意； miss 错过； suggest 建议； enjoy 喜欢； cant stand 忍不住； feel like 想要；give up 放弃； put off 推迟；object to反对; look forward to期望, keep on一直, set about着手,She finished reading the book (看完
7、这本书）yesterday. Will you admit having broken the window?你承认不承认打破了窗户？He put off making a decision till he had more information.在获得详情之前，他没有急于作出决定。Do you feel like taking a walk?你要不要去散步？We are looking forward to coming to China.我们期待着来中国。Do you mind my smoking in the room？你介意我在室内吸烟吗？ 三作宾补时,三者的区别1.有些动词接不定
8、式作宾补：（和宾语有主谓关系强调动作将发生或已经完成；表一次性动作）Tell/ order/ persuade/ invite/ force /warn/ encourage/ get/ ask + sb to doHe asked me to finish it in time. The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.feel(一感); hear listen to(二听);have make let(三使)；see watch observe notice look at find (六看) + sb do等感官使役动词后不定式作宾补省略t
9、o,但被动以后要还原to. I heard him call me several times. I heard her sing the song many times. Tom was made to sing.2.有些动词接ing作宾补： feel(一感); hear listen to(二听);have get leavekeep (四使)；see watch observe notice look at find (六看) +sb doing (强调动作主动，正在进行，或尚未完成；延续性动词)I found her listening to the radio. I heard he
10、r singing the song when I passed her room.3. 有些动词接过去分词作宾补：feel(一感); hear listen to(二听); make let get have leave keep (六使)；see watch observe notice look at find (六看)+sb done （表动作被动完成，多强调状态）Speak louder so that you can make yourself heard. We found the village greatly changed.I heard the song sung in
11、English many times. 四做表语时三者的区别1.不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 My job is to help the patient.（ 说明主语具体内容） His wish is to buy a sleeping car in the near future 2 -ing形式作表语：表示抽象的、一般性的行为。（说明主语具体内容，主表可换位）His hobby is collecting stamps Her job is looking after the child.表“令人如何如何”（主语所具有的特征），如： astonishing exci
12、ting moving surprising tiring interesting amusing shocking worryingHis report is interesting. The music sounds exciting. 3 V-ed：（主语所处的状态）表“让人感到如何如何”如：astonished excited moved surprised tired interested amused shocked worrieddisappointed drunk frightened married confused pleased puzzled satisfied等 Th
13、e cups are broken. She is interested in the job. Cleaning women in big cities usually get paid by the hour.五作定语时,三者的区别1.不定式作定语表未来的动作且后置，若为动宾关系，动词须为及物动词，常常修饰代词anything/something/noting，名词 chance/ opportunity等 或由序数或形容词最高级修饰的名词。You are the third one to enter the room. I have something importantto say.I
14、 need a pen to write with. The question to be discussed tomorrow will be important.2.-ing作定语多位于其前表示其性能、用途（无时间性可换为for+doing）He has a reading room.a sleeping car（a car for sleeping）表正在进行（主谓关系）即主动进行，可换为定语从句;a sleeping boy The girl gathering flowers is beautiful. The question being discussed now is impo
15、rtant. 3.过去分词作定语有（动宾关系，表完成）即被动完成，可换为定语从句。a broken cup The question discussed yesterday is important. All the people invited to the meeting are VIP.(All the people who are invited to the meeting are VIP. )We can see a lot of fallen leaves on the ground.(We can see a lot of leaves which have fallen on the ground. )六. 作状语时,三者
