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1、修辞的翻译,Warming up,1.The boy was creeping like snail unwillingly to school. 那男孩像只蜗牛慢慢向前挪动，嘟哝着不愿去上学。 2.The boy stood rooted. 那男孩一动不动地呆着。 3. We are dying for the greatest nothing. 我们为那伟大的一文不值的信念而死。,修辞的定义,所谓修辞格，就是为了在读者或听众心目中展现出一副形象生动的画面，使他们能够根据以往的经验产生某种联想，使得比较抽象的事物具体化而易于接受，起到修辞效果。,修辞的定义,英语修辞格和汉语修辞格有很大的差异
2、，掌握修辞格及其使用方法，能够帮助我们加深对阅读材料的理解，达到准确的翻译与表达，有助于我们更加充分地欣赏作者的写作风格。英语中的修辞格根据其格式是否固定可分为消极修辞和积极修辞两大类。,消极修辞 Passive Rhetoric Techniques,没有相对固定格式。它与语法、语言结构和词汇的关系密切，只是为了修辞和立意新颖的缘故，对之做了一些调整。譬如：为了增加文采，强化文章的表现力，常常避免重复使用同一词汇，而另选他词。这种无固定格式可循的消极修辞手法被称为“求雅换词”（Elegant Variation ）。,Lose Pounds,1. Try to shed a few extr
3、a pounds. 2. Studies show these efforts may shave off the pounds quickly. 3. Here are ten simple strategies that can help melt away your fat forever. 4. like a logical way to peel off a few pounds. 5. roughly the amount needed to burn off one pound. 6. You must eat less to lose weight. 7. A key obst
4、acle to dropping extra pounds is after-dinner snacking.,大词小用,1. Dont take the low-fat label as a license to eat。 不能因为食品标明低脂肪而敞开食用。,小词大用,2. If the term sounds unscientific to 20th-century ears, let us remember there is a definite connection between marshy lands and malaria 如果这个术语对生活在20 世纪的人听来不科学的话，那就
5、让我们记住沼泽地和疟疾之间是一定有联系的,积极修辞格（Active Rhetoric Techniques）,比喻 Simile，Metaphor 双关 Pun 借代 Metonymy 拟人Personification 夸张 Hyperbole 委婉 Euphemism 矛盾 Oxymoron 反语 Irony 排比 Parallelism,明喻（Simile）,常用比喻词有like, as if, as, as though 等 1. The cheque fluttered to the floor like a bird with a broken wing. 支票像一只断了翅膀的小鸟
6、似地飘落到地板上。,明喻（Simile）,2. He looked at me with an air of surprised disapproval, as a colonel might look at a private whose bootlaces were undone. 他带着一种吃惊的、不以为然的神态看着我，犹如一位上校看着一名没有系好靴带的二等兵一样。,暗喻（Metaphor）,暗喻也叫隐喻。是将甲事物当作乙事物来描写，甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。 “a figure of speech containing an implied comparison, in
7、which a word or phrase ordinarily and primarily used of one thing is applied to another” (Websters New World Dictionary),暗喻（Metaphor）,1. There were no more butterflies in my stomach when I opened up an abdomen or a chest. 当我切开病人的腹部和胸腔时，我不再紧张得瑟瑟发抖了。 2. What will parents do without the electronic baby
8、-sitter? 如果少了这位电子保姆，做父母的可怎么办呢？,提喻 （synecdoche),指在同性质、同种类、同一体的事物中，大小互代、部分和整体互代、抽象和具体互代、原料代替所构成的成品等，反之亦然。 “a figure of speech in which a part is used for a whole, an individual for a class, a material for a thing, or the reverse of any of these”. (Websters New World Dictionary),提喻 （synecdoche),No one
9、grasped you by the shoulder while there was still time; and naught will awaken in you the sleeping poet or musician or astronomer that possibly inhabited you from the beginning. 也许你一生下来就具有成为诗人、音乐家或天文学家的天赋，但在时间还不算晚的时候，没有人拉你一把，时机一过，就再也无法唤醒在你身上沉睡着的才能了。,转喻（Metonymy）,转喻又称借代。它故意不用需要说的人或物的本称，而是借用与该人或物密切相关的
10、事物来代替。 “A figure of speech that consists in using the name of one thing for that of something else with which it is associated.” (Websters New World Dictionary),转喻（Metonymy）,1. What is learned in the cradle is carried to the grave. 幼小所学，终生不忘。 2. The pen is mightier than the sword. 文人胜于武士。,夸张（Hyperbo
11、le),1. Ive been dying to meet you. 我非常非常想见到你。 2. She gave me the impression of having more teeth, white and large and even, than were necessary for any practical purpose. (from THE LUNCHEON) 她给我的印象是：她有一口洁白整齐的大牙，为数之多已超过任何实际需要。 3. I lived a year in a minute. 我度日如年。,矛盾（Oxymoron),1. His cruel kindness i
12、s simply beyond words. 他那害人不浅的仁慈。 2. She cried ,with a touch of sorrowful gladness. 她悲喜交加地哭了。,矛盾（Oxymoron),3. Parting is such sweet sorrow. (Romeo) 别离是如此地又甜蜜又令人心酸。 4. We are terribly pleased to hear the good news. 我们听到这一好消息真是欣喜若狂。,委婉（Euphemism),1. That luster has taken a fancy to Middle Eastern danc
13、ing. 那个好色之徒现在开始喜欢看肚皮舞。 2. Social diseases are now on the increase in the whole world. 现在全世界性病在不断增多。 3. She is a little confused. 她疯了。,拟人（Personification),1. But the hope that was in his brain died. 2. The night crawled slowly like a wounded snake and sleep did not visit Rainsford . 3. Night found hi
14、m leg weary . (from The Most Dangerous Game),拟人（Personification),It is a matter of being dumb with wonder that his poor brain and body didnt burst under the torment of the demon if creative energy that lived inside him, struggling, clawing, scratching to be released; shrieking at him to write the mu
15、sic that was in him.,拟人（Personification),这是令人惊讶得目瞪口呆的事。他体内充满创造力的魔鬼不停地挣扎，挥舞魔爪又抓又挖，试图冲出体外。魔鬼一边撕扯，一边尖声狂叫，要他谱写藏于体内的乐曲。他遭受这般折腾，可是他那可怜的脑袋和身躯却没有被压跨，岂不奇哉怪也。,双关 (Pun),-What does that lawyer do after he dies? -Lie still. - 那个律师死后能干什么？ （1）-静静地躺着。 （2）-躺着说鬼话。,Exercises,1. He was born with a silver spoon in his m
16、outh. 他是嘴里含着银汤匙出生的。（他天生富贵命） 2. It cant be defined by the span of a single journey from diaper to shroud. (from In My Day) 它不能由从尿布到寿衣的单个旅程时间来解释。 3. The kettle is boiling. 壶里的水开了。,Exercises,4. The whole room broke into laughter. 哄堂大笑 5. Children who were now gray with age. 已经步入中年的子女们 6. I hope your idea takes wing. 我希望你的想法成真。,Exercises,7. All that sleepless night I replayed the moment those black gloves came up to the car window. 当晚我彻夜难眠，眼前不时出现那副黑手套伸
