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1、Period TwoLearning about Language虚拟语气(一)虚拟语气表示所说的话不是事实，而是一种愿望、建议或者与事实相反的假设等，一般常用于正式的书面语中。1与现在事实相反的条件句虚拟语气在条件句中共有三种情况：与现在的事实相反；与过去的事实相反；与将来的事实相反。本单元只练习与现在的事实相反的条件句，其谓语动词的形式如下：if条件从句主句动词的过去式(be的过去式用were)would (should，could，might)动词原形If I were you，I would not be so proud.如果我是你，我不会如此自负。I dont have a cel
2、lphone.If I had one，it would be convenient for me to get in touch with others.我没有手机。如果我有的话，同别人联系就方便了。2虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法在动词wish，suggest，insist，demand，order，request(要求)，require(需要)等动词后的宾语从句中，一般用虚拟语气。除wish外，其他动词后的宾语从句中一般用should动词原形，或省略should。(1)wish宾语从句，从句中的动词有三种形式：过去时(be用were)，表示与现在事实相反；过去完成时，表示与过去事实相反；wo
3、uld/could动词原形，表示与将来事实可能相反。I wish we students had more free time to relax ourselves.要是我们学生有多一点时间放松就好了。I failed in the exam.How I wish I had passed the exam.我没有通过考试。要是通过了就好了。I wish I could go to attend his birthday party this weekend，but I will be busy at that time.周末要是能参加他的生日聚会就好了，可是那时我太忙了。(2)suggest
4、等动词宾语从句，从句中用should动词原形，或把should省略。Mother insists that we (should) go to bed at 9 oclock.母亲坚持要我们九点钟睡觉。We suggested that the meeting (should) not be held.我们坚持不举行会议。Our teacher ordered that all (should) take part in the work.老师下令所有的人都要参加这项工作。注意：suggest表示“暗示”，“表明”时，后面从句中不用虚拟语气。如：His pale face suggests t
5、hat he is ill today.他脸色苍白，这表明今天他病了。insist表示“坚持说”时，后面的从句不用虚拟语气。She insisted that he had stolen her bike.她坚持说他偷了她的自行车。在would rather后的宾语从句中，谓语常用过去时来表示对现在或将来情况的虚拟表达，用过去完成时表示对过去情况的虚拟表达。He would rather she had worked hard.他宁愿她努力工作。I would rather he didnt know me.我宁愿他不认识我。3虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法在“Itisadj./某些动词的过去分词
6、主语从句”的结构中，从句的谓语动词用(should)do的形式。这些形容词包括：decided(决定的)，important(重要的)，ordered(命令的)等。It is strange that he should know me.太奇怪了，他竟然认识我。It is highly desirable that a new mayor be appointed for this city.人们渴望给这个城市任命一位新市长。It is necessary that we should learn English well.我们学好英语是很必要的。从以上的各类从句中我们可以发现：当一个动词后面
7、的宾语从句中要使用(should)do的虚拟语气的形式时，则可推理出用法相同的一组从句。以动词advise为例：I advise that we stay here.(动词后的宾语从句)It is advisable that we stay here.(It is由该动词转换的形容词that引导的主语从句)My advice is that we stay here.(由该动词转换的名词后的表语从句)以上从句中的谓语形式都为(should)do的虚拟语气形式。试一试：想一想动词suggest可用哪些形式的句子来表达？4虚拟语气还可在表语从句、同位语从句中运用，从句的谓语动词由“should动
8、词原形”或只用动词原形构成。It is a pity that he (should) refuse our invitation.(同位语从句)他拒绝了我们的邀请，真遗憾！My suggestion/advice is that she wait till next week.我的建议是她等到下周。5虚拟语气还可用来表示祝愿、诅咒、禁止等。Long live the unity of the Chinese people!中华民族的统一万岁！God bless you!上帝保佑你！May you have a long and happy life!祝你长寿、生活幸福！6as if/thou
9、gh引起的表语从句或状语从句中，也用虚拟语气。They talked as if they had been friends for years.他们谈起话来就好像是多年的老朋友。7Its (high/about) time that.句型，也用虚拟语气。Its time that you went to fetch your daughter from the kindergarten.是你去幼儿园接女儿的时候了。Its high time that you got down to work.你该开始认真工作了。注意：该句型中的谓语动词也可用“should动词原形”，表示对将来的虚拟，sho
10、uld一般不省略。8在in case，for fear that，in order that，so that引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词一般用should/could/might动词原形，其中should可省略。She walked quietly for fear that she might wake up her roommates.她轻轻地走，以免惊醒她的室友。Have your gun ready in case we (should) need it.把你的枪准备好，以防万一我们需要。I have come all the way here in order that you s
11、hould understand me.我一路来到了这里为的是你会理解我。.单项填空1Thank you for all your hard work last week.I dont think we_it without you.Acan manage Bcould have managedCcould manage Dcan have managed答案B解析could have done表示本能够做某事(但没做)。2Im sorry.I _ at you the other day.Forget it.I was a bit out of control myself.Ashouldn
12、t shoutBshouldnt have shoutedCmustnt shoutDmustnt have shouted答案B解析句意为：“对不起，几天前我本不应该朝你大喊大叫的。”“不要放在心上。我自己有点情绪失控。”shouldnt have done sth.本不应该做某事(但已经做了)。3She_have left school, for her bike is still here.Acant Bwouldnt Cshouldnt Dneednt答案A解析句意为：她不可能离开了学校，因为她的自行车仍然在这儿。cant表示不可能；wouldnt have done表虚拟；shoul
13、dnt have done本不该做(却已做了)；neednt have done本没必要做(但已做了)。4They _ two free tickets to Canada，otherwise theyd never have been able to afford to go.Ahad got BgotChave got Dget答案B解析otherwise theyd never have been able.这一句用了与过去事实相反的虚拟语气；而“他们弄到了两张去加拿大的免费票”却是事实，故用一般过去时。5Eliza remembers everything exactly as if
14、it _ yesterday.Awas happening BhappensChas happened Dhappened答案D解析此处考查虚拟语气的用法。as if仿佛，好像，其后面的从句可用虚拟语气。句意为：Eliza清楚地记得每一件事，仿佛它是昨天发生的！句中remembers为一般现在时，故as if从句中用一般过去时来表示虚拟语气。6If it were not for the fact that she_sing，I would invite her to the party.Acouldnt Bshouldnt Ccant Dmight not答案C解析句意为：要不是因为她不会唱
15、歌，我就邀请她参加聚会了。本句是表示与现在或将来相反的虚拟语气，而非表示过去情况，故不能由于思维定势而选择A项。the fact后同位语从句表示目前的情况，故须用情态动词cant表示没有能力。7If I _plan to do anything I wanted to，Id like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible.Awould Bcould Chad to Dought to答案B解析句意为：如果我能计划做任何想做的事，我想去西藏尽可能地游览一番。观察一下句中的时态，因为都是过去时，句意表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，因此此处应用情态动词的过去时，表示的意思是“假如我们现在能够”，co
