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1、【专题八】定语从句【考情分析】1关系词的使用，特别是which，that，when，where等；2介词和关系代词连用时，介词的选用；3以as引导的定语从句；4只用that的情况；5只用which的情况；6关系代词与关系副词的选用；7定语从句与其他句型的区别。【知识归纳】考点一：关系词的选用：1关系词的选择主要依据先行词在从句中所作的成分，先行词在从句中作主语、定语、宾语时，选择关系代词(who，whom，that，which，whose)；先行词在从句中作状语时，应选择关系副词(where，when，why)。2who，whom，that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，在从句中可作主
2、语、宾语等。Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是想见你的那个人吗？(who/that在从句中作主语)He is the man whom/that I am waiting for.他就是我正在等待的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)which，that所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。He failed in the exam，which made his father angry.他考试不及格，这使他父亲很生气。3关系副词when，where，why的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语
3、。具体用法如下：when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语；where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语；why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。The reason why I dont trust him is that he often tells lies.我不信任他的原因是他常常撒谎。【专家提醒】先行词是时间名词或地点名词时，如果在从句中不作状语，则不能用when或where引导定语从句，而要用which/that。I still remember the day which/that we spent together in the city.我仍然记得我们一起在那座城市度过的那一天。(这里
4、which/that指代the day作spent的宾语)。考点二：关系代词whose的用法：whose用来指人或物，在定语从句中只作定语I know the girl whose father is our headmaster.我认识那个女孩，她的父亲是我们的校长。The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.门破了的那间教室很快就会被维修。考点三：.that引导的定语从句1不用that的情况(1)引导非限定性定语从句时(2)介词后不能用。2只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况(1)在there be 句型中，只用t
5、hat，不用which。This is the best dictionary (that) there is in the library.(2)在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。(3)先行词有the only, the very修饰时，只用that。 (4)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。(5)先行词既有人，又有物时。例如：All that is needed is a supply of oil.所需的只是供油问题。Finally,
6、the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。考点四：介词+关系代词1介词关系代词中介词的宾语只能是which或whomThe gentleman about whom you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.你昨天告诉我的那位绅士证实是小偷。In the dark street，there wasnt a single person to whom she could turn for help.在漆黑的大街上没有一个人能为她提供帮助。
7、2当复合介词短语which引导定语从句时，这种定语从句常与先行词用逗号隔开，从句用倒装语序He lived in a big house，in front of which stood a big tall tree.他住在一所大房子里，房前有一棵大树。3介词which/whom不定式结构The poor man has no house in which to live.那个可怜的人没有房子住。4ofwhich/whom表示所属关系。(表所属关系也可用whose)Recently I bought an ancient vase，the price of which(whose price)
8、 was very reasonable.最近我买了个古代的花瓶，它的价钱很合理。考点五：As,which 引导的定语从句：1关系代词as引导的定语从句关系代词as既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句，as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。引导限制性定语从句常用于下列句式：(1)such.as.像那样的。当先行词被such修饰或本身是such 时，as作为关系代词，引导定语从句，修饰这个先行词。如：We hope to get such a tool as he is using.我们希望弄到像他使用的一样的工具。They are such warm hearted men as I
9、ll never forget.他们是那样热心的，我永远不会忘记的人们。That was such terrible weather as destroyed our whole trip plan.那是一个那样可怕的天气，毁坏了我们的整个旅游计划。【专家提醒】such.as.与such.that.的区别as引导定语从句，as要在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。that引导结果状语从句，that在从句中不作成分。如：He is such a good student as all the teachers like.他是那样一个老师们都喜欢的好学生。He is such a good student
10、 that all the teachers like him.他是那样一个好学生，以致于老师们都喜欢他(2)the same.as.像一样的。这是一个习惯句式，当先行词是the same或被the same修饰时，后面的定语从句常用as引导，这时as是关系代词，常在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。这样的定语从句常用省略形式。如：I live in the same house as he(lives in). 我的房子与他的房子相同。She got the same salary as a man(got)她的薪金与男的相同。【专家提醒】as引导的这种从句有时用that或where引导。tha
11、t表示“同一个人或物”；as表示“相同中的另一个”。如：I lived in the same house that he lives in.我与他住在同一房子中。I lived in the same house where he lives.比较：the same.that.像一样的。that引导定语从句，表示“同一个”。如：She gave him the same answer as before：“No”她回答他跟以前一样：“不。”This is the same dictionary that I lost last week.这部词典同我上星期丢失的那一本一样。2关系代词as，w
12、hich的区别(1)as引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中，而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后。相同的是两者都可替代主句的整个内容，而不是主句中的某一个词。The weather turned out to be very good，which was more than we could expect.(2)当非限制性定语从句放在主句前面时，只能用as。As is known to everybody，the moon travels round the earth once every month.The moon travels rou
13、nd the earth once every month，as/which is known to everybody.It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.What is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth once every month.后两句属名词性从句范畴。(3)as意为“正如”，后面的谓语动词多是see，know，expect，say，mention，report，announ
14、ce等；which意为“这一点”。As is known to all，Bell invented the telephone.Bell invented the telephone，as is known to all.As is often the case，Mike was late again and made up an excuse to fool the boss.考点六：定语从句和其他从句的区别1.定语从句与并列句1). a. I saw some trees, and the leaves of them were black with disease.b. I saw so
15、me trees, the leaves of which were black with disease.2). a. The professor is a little man, on the nose of whom there is a pair of glassesb. The professor is a little man, and on the nose of him there is a pair of glasses解题点拨 : 是否有连词是区分定语从句和并列句的关键2. 定语从句与同位语从句定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系“的(名词)”。而同位语从句是用来说明前面名词的内容。与that从句同位的名词必须是一些表事实或概念的抽象名词，如fact, news, belief, truth, reply等。that在定语从句中作成分，可用which 或who/whom代替；而that在同位语从句中不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用。试比较： We all have heard the news that our team won.我们都听到了我们球队胜利的消息。 (同位语
