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1、 一、谓语动词与非谓语动词在解非谓语习题时同学们遇到最大的困难之一是如何判别是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。非谓语动词是汉语中没有的语言现象。汉语中几个谓语动词连用而动词不用作任何形式的变化。如：他明天来拜访你。翻译成英语不是He will come visit you，而是He will come to visit you.这里就用了动词不定式to visit。因此同学们要特别注意分析句子的结构。分 类不同点例 句谓语动词只能作谓语_ blood if you can and many lives will be saved.A. Giving B. Give C. Given D. To giv
2、e【解析】如果不注意分析句子结构，有可能会误选A或C项。这是祈使句+and+陈述句的句型。答案B。非谓语动词作除谓语之外的任何成分（见下表）The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and _ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.A. being weighed B. weighs C. weighed D. weighing【解析】容易误选B或C项，将其当成谓语看待。“under the age of four and _ less than 40 p
3、ounds”用作“children”的定语。动词“weigh”与名词“children”是主动关系，所以选择答案D项。二、非谓语动词的语法功能所能充当的成分主语表语宾语宾语（主语）补足语定语插入语（独立成分）V-ing形式现在分词动名词不定式（to do）过去分词（done）三、非谓语动词的变化形式非谓语形式构成时态语态复合结构否定式主动被动不定式一般式to doto be donefor sb. to do sth.或of sb. to do sth.在“to”前加not或never进行式to be doing /完成式to have doneto have been done动名词一般式d
4、oingbeing donesb.或sbs doing作主语要用sbs doing在前加not特别注意复合结构的否定式： sbs not doingsbs not having done完成式having donehaving been done现在分词与动名词变化形式相同/在前加not（一）非谓语动词做主语、宾语时的比较用不定式还是用动名词作宾语有特殊规定举例I dont want _ like Im speaking ill of anybody, but the managers plan is unfair. A. to sound B. to be soundedC. soundin
5、g D. to have sounded【解析】want后要跟动词不定式作宾语，sound是连系动词不用被动式，与谓语动词没有时间的先后，故不可用它的完成式。答案A。It is difficult to imagine his _the decision without any consideration. A. accept B. accepting C. to accept D. accepted 【解析】imagine要求用动名词作宾语。答案B。重点只接不定式做宾语的谓语动词或短语hope, want, offer, long, fail, expect, wish, ask, deci
6、de, pretend, manage, agree, afford, determine, promise, happen，refuse, claim, would love等等只接动名词做宾语的谓语动词或短语suggest, risk, devote oneself to（建议冒险去献身）finish, imagine, bear/stand, look forward to（完成想象忍盼望）give up, delay/put off, regret, miss（放弃延期悔失去）insist on/stick to, enjoy/appreciate, feel like, practi
7、ce（坚持欣赏要实践）pay attention to, excuse, escape/avoid, object to（注意原谅逃/避反对）keep, be/get used to/be accustomed to, mind（保持习惯勿介意）be worth, set about/burst out/get down to, be busy（值得开始将忙乎）用不定式还是用动名词作宾语都可以，但有区别举例In some parts of London, missing a bus means _for another hour.A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D.
8、 to be waiting 【解析】此题意为“在英国的一些地方，如果错过了公交车就意味着再等一个小时。”mean doing sth.意为“意味着什么”，mean to do sth.意为“试图、打算做什么”。答案A。重点动词本身意义不变，跟不定式和动名词意义不同remember to do sth. 记住要做 remember doing sth.记得过去做过forget to do sth. 忘了已做过的事 forget doing sth. 忘记要做某事动词本身意义改变，跟不定式和动名词意义不同regret to do sth.对马上要或不做的事表示遗憾regret doing sth
9、.对已发生的事表示遗憾或后悔mean to do sth.打算，想要 mean doing 意味着，意思是try to do sth. 努力做某事 try doing sth. 尝试做某事cant help doing sth.情不自禁，忍不住cant help (to) do sth.不能帮忙做某事be considered to have done被认为已经做了considerto be认为是 consider doing考虑做某事动词本身意义不变，跟不定式被动式和动名词意义相同want，need，require接动名词表示被动意义，接不定式就要用被动式，这时主语与动名词之间为动宾关系Th
10、ese young trees require looking after(=to be looked after).The matter needs thinking over(=to be thought over).右边这些动词跟动词不定式做目的状语，跟动名词作宾语stop to do停下来，要做另一件事（不定式作目的状语）stop doing停止做（动名词作宾语）go on to do接着做另一件事（不定式作目的状语）go on doing继续做同一件事（动名词作宾语）（二）非谓语作宾语补足语时的的比较理解下表中所列的关系非谓语与宾语的逻辑关系与谓语动作的时间关系不定式主动关系在谓语动
11、词后发生不带to的不定式表示动作的全过程现在分词主动关系同时进行过去分词被动关系动作已经完成或表示状态举 例The teacher asked us _so much noise. A. dont make B. not make C. not making D. not to make【解析】在动词“ask”后面用不定式作宾语补足语，其否定形式是“not to do”。答案D。Excuse me sir, where is Room 301? Just a minute. Ill have Bob _you to your room. A. show B. shows C. to show
12、D. showing【解析】“have sb. do sth.”意为“命令或安排某人做某事”。根据提供的情景可判断出让Bob带你到房间去。“have sb. doing sth.”表示“使某人一直处于某种状态中”。答案A。A cook will be immediately fired if he was found _in kitchen. A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked【解析】“find”后接现在分词作主语补足语。此句中“smoking” 是主语“he”的补足语, 所以称为主语补足语。表示主动的正在发生的事。根据“immediately”
13、可判断出“厨师当场被发现在厨房吸烟会被立即开除”。答案B。To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear Englishas much as we can.A. speak B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak【解析】此处考查“hear+宾语+do/doing/done”的结构。因为English是“被说”，故用“spoken”作宾补，表示被动。答案C 。注意几个特别的结构have+宾语+do/doing/done ，get+宾语+to do/doing/done ，catch sb. doi
14、ng sth（逮住某人干某事）Alexander tried to get his work _in the medical circles.A. to recognize B. recognizing C. recognize D. recognized 【解析】宾语work与recognize之间存在被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。=have+宾语+done的结构。答案D。（三）非谓语作定语时的比较形式与被修饰词的逻辑关系与谓语动作的时间关系例 句to do动宾关系在谓语动作后发生If there is a lot of work _, Im happy to just keep on until it is finished. A. to do B. to be doing C. done D. doing【解析】“work”和“do”虽然存在逻辑上的动宾关系，但主语“I和
