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1、2019/4/26,Textbook： Analytical chemistry （Quantitative Analysis） Xu Qin (),Edit by: DaLian University of Technology Press,2019/4/26,Analytical Chemistry,References: 1. 分析化学 刘志广主编 高等教育出版社 2.分析化学(第四版) 高等教育出版社 武汉大学主编 3. 定量分析化学 中国科学技术出版社 4. 仪器分析 朱明华编 第二版 高等教育出版社,2019/4/26,Analytical Chemistry,5. Analyti
2、cal Chemistry Edited by R.Kellner, J.-M. Merment, M.Otto, H.M.Widmer 6. Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry (7 th Edition) Skoog, West, Holler 7. Instrument Analysis (4 th Edition) Douglas A. Skoog, James J. Leary,2019/4/26,Introduction (2) Error and data processing(6) Titrimetric Analysis (30) Pot
3、entiometric Method of Analysis Gas Chromatography Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry Uv-visible Spectrophotometry (6) FTIR Spectrophotometry NMR Spectroscopy MS Spectroscopy The Analysis of real samples (4) (the total analysis process),Contents:,2019/4/26,Chapter 1 Introduction,1.1 Generalization,1
4、.2 Classification of Ana. Chem.,1.3 Development of Ana.Chem.,2019/4/26,1.1 Generalization,1.Definition A scientific discipline that develops and applies methods, instruments, and strategies to obtain information on the composition and nature of matter in space and time. (Edinburgh-Definition of WPAC
5、 1993),化学中的信息科学，以降低系统的不确定度为目的。,2019/4/26,Analytical chemistry deals with separating (分离), identifying（鉴别）, and quantifying （定量）the relative amounts of the components of an analyte （被分析物）。,Analyte = the thing to analyzed; the component(s) of a sample that are to be determined,2019/4/26,“ANALYTICAL CH
6、EMISTRY IS NOT SPECTROMETERS, POLAROGRAPHS, ELECTRON MICROPROBES, ETC. IT IS EXPERIMENTATION, OBSERVATION, DEVELOPING FACTS, AND DRAWING CONCLUSIONS.” West PW in Analytical Chemistry (46) 1974,ANALYTICAL METHODOLOGY IDENTIFICATION DETERMINATION or ASSAY ANALYSIS QUANTITATION ANALYTE VALIDATION METHO
7、DS or PROTOCOLS TECHNIQUES SOLVING A PROBLEM,2019/4/26,2.Characteristic of AC:,1. The concept of “quantity” 如：测定的数据不可随意取舍；数据准确度、偏差大小与采用的分析方法有关。 2. Necessary practical aspect。强调动手能力、培养实验操作技能，提高分析解决实际问题的能力。 3. High complexity. 涉及化学、生物、电学、光学、计算机等, 体现能力与素质。 4. Dispersive theory systems.理论系统分散。,2,2019/4/
8、26,3、Application Development of chemical science: Molecular science、Genetic code Research:Determining of new substances Structure and Property Modern chemical industry ： Quality control Analytical chemistry and society: Environment、Sports、Diagnosis,2019/4/26,分析化学与社会,医药质量,环境监测,食品分析,兴奋剂检测,DNA与生命,2019/
9、4/26,社会,其它科学技术领域,社会需要,研究与发展,分析问题,分析化学,分析化学与社会和其它 科学技术领域的关系,2019/4/26,ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS IN INDUSTRY - INTERFACES,Other chemists,Colleges Universities,Health & Safety,Production plants,Contract labs,Management,Professional organizations,Statisticians,Government agencies,Engineers,Suppliers,Sales & M
10、arketing,Life scientists,Technical reps In field,Peers, Supervisors,Lawyers,Analytical chemist,2019/4/26,分析化学（仪器分析）三要素,2019/4/26,1.2 Classification of Analytical Chemistry,1、According to analytical task 2、According to analytical object 3、According to analytical method 4、According to size of sample,2
11、019/4/26,1 、According to analytical task,Analytical Chemistry includes qualitative analysis, quantitative analysis and structure analysis.,Qualitative analysis reveals the identity of the elements and compounds in a sample.,Quantitative analysis determines the amount of each substance in a sample.,S
12、tructure analysis indicates the molecular structure and crystal structure.,2019/4/26,2、 According to analytical object,1). Inorganic analysis 2). Organic analysis 3). Biological analysis 4). Medicine analysis,2019/4/26,3、 According to analytical method,1).Chemical analysis: Gravimetry， Volumetry（all
13、 kinds of titrimetry ） 2).Instrumental analysis： Potentiometry， Spectrophotometry， Chromatography， Spectroscopy,2019/4/26,化 学 分 析,仪 器 分 析,酸碱滴定,配位滴定,氧化还原滴定,沉淀滴定,电化学分析,光化学分析,色谱分析,波谱分析,重量分析,滴定分析,电导、电位、电解、 库仑、极谱、伏安,发射、吸收，荧光、光度,气相、液相、离子、超临界、薄层、毛细管电泳,红外、核磁、质谱,分 析 化 学,2019/4/26,电化学分析,酸碱,配位,沉淀,氧化还原,滴定分析,重量分
14、析,光化学分析,化学 分析,仪器 分析,色谱分析,质谱分析,热分析,基础发展,分析化学,化学 物理、数学,计算机、激光、功能材料,常量分析,微量、痕量分析,2019/4/26,4、According to size of sample,according to size of sample 方法名称 试样质量（mg) 试液体积（mL) major常量分析 100 10 self-minor半微量分析 10-100 1-10 minor微量分析 0.110 0.011 ultraminor超微量分析 0.1 0.01,2019/4/26,according to content of analy
15、te 方法名称 相对含量(%) major常量组分分析 1 minor微量组分分析 0.01-1 trace痕量组分分析 0.01,major，minor，trace（10-6），ultratrace（10-910-12） g mg g ng pg fg (femtogram) 10-3 10-6 10-9 10-12 10-15 ppm ppb ppt,2019/4/26,1.3 Development of AC,1.from AC object,Inorganic analysis,Biological analysis,2. from the size of sample,3.from the automation of analysis,major,minor,trace,Molecular level,Hand-controlling,Instrument,automation,Complete automation,Intelligent instruments,organic analysis,2019/4/26,分析化学的进展简况,传统分析化学课题：
