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1、如何复习现在完成时态 一、掌握结构：助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词二、掌握用法:1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常与一些时间状语,如:already, yet, ever, never, just, before, once, twice （次数）等连用,也可以和包括现在在内的时间状语,如these days, today, recently, this year, so far(=by now)等连用.e.g. I have already posted the letter. (信已经不在我这儿了2.表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,一直持续到现在,也许还将继续
2、下去,可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间的状语连用,即for +时间段,since+时间点/从句, in(during) the last(past) ten years等,谓语只可用延续性动词. 我们知道英语动词根据词义可分为两种,一种是延续性的,一种是终止性的,终止性动词(也可称为非延续性动词,瞬间动词,或短暂性动词),如begin, start, die, buy, leave, come等,表示动作在一瞬间之内就能完成,不能再延续,所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用,即不能与表示一段时间的状语,for+段时间，since+点时间/从句连用,也不能用在how lon
3、g引导的特殊疑问句中.（但在否定句中短暂性动词可以与for和since短语连用。）e.g. Theyve left London for five days.()Theyve been away from London for five days.( ).They left London five days ago. ( )It is /has been five days since they left London.( )三、掌握短暂性动词如何转换成延续性动词常见短暂性动词与延续性动词的对应关系如下:come/go/arrive/get/reach/move-be in/at open-b
4、e open die-be dead close-be closed become-be borrow-keep begin/start-be on put on-wear leave-be away (from) buy-have fall asleep(ill)-be asleep(ill)end/finish-be over catch a cold-have a cold join the army-be in the army/ be a soldier join the Party-be in the Party/ be a Party member get to do -do (
5、get to know-know) get married -be married get up -be up begin to do -do (begin to study-study)My brother has been in the army for two years.My brother has been a soldier for two years.三、掌握现在完成时中been to, gone to和been in/at /on 的区别 been to曾经去过某地,表示某人的一种经历,可以和次数, already, ever , never等连用.e.g. She has b
6、een to Nanjing twice. (表示目前人在说话的原地)gone to 已经去某地了,说话时某人已离开此地,在去某地的途中或已经到达某地,常和already, Wheres Where are? 连用。e.g. Wheres Kate? She has gone to library. (表示现在她人不在这里)been in/at/on已经在某地逗留了一段时间，常和for 短语,since 短语等连用，或用在how long 问句之中。.e.g. She has been in Nanjing since she came there.四、.掌握现在完成时和一般过去时的区别(1)
7、、现在完成时所表明的是过去发生的动作对现在的影响,强调的是现在的情况,不可以和表示过去的时间状语yesterday, in 1997,three days ago ，last time, last night等连用.（2）、一般过去时只指过去发生的事情,和现在没有关系（3）、主语做过某事常用现在完成时态，但如果强调动作发生的时间、地点、方式、目的、原因等常用过去时态。 e.g. A: Have you seen the film called Titanic? B: Yes, I have. A: When did you see it ? B: Last Saturday. （4）、 jus
8、t 常是现在完成时的时间状语 just now =a moment ago 过去时态的时间状语五、掌握现在完成时中 for 与 since的区别for + 段时间，常与延续性动词的现在完成时连用 since 四种用法：1).+过去的点时间 since last night 2).+一段时间+ago since two years ago 3).+从句（用过去时态） since they came to China 4).Its (has been) +一段时间+since 从句I have kept the library book for a week. = I have kept the
9、library book since a week ago. 六、掌握用于现在完成时态的三个句型1） .It is /has been +一段时间 + since 从句.自从某事发生已有一段时间了. e.g. It is /has been two years since my brother joined the army. 2).It/This/That is the first (second.) time that +从句（现在完成时态） e.g. This is the second time that I have played Chinese chess with him . 3
10、).主语+be+形容词最高级+名词+that 从句（现在完成时态） e.g. He is the tallest man that I have ever seen in my life. =I have never seen such a tall man in my life . 七、注意:have got, has got 虽然是现在完成时的形式,但have got=have has got=has got 中文意思为“有”练习题:1.Its a long time since we _ (meet) last time , isnt it ？2.-I know you _ (buy)
11、a picture book . -Yes, Have a look at it, please3.So far, we _ (plant) many thousands of trees.( )4.My cousin _ home for nearly three weeks.A.has left B. has gone away from C. has been away from D. went away ( )5.Mr and Mrs Green have _in Japan for a week. A. been B. got C. arrived D. reached ( )6.-
12、Wheres Mary? -Oh, she _supermarket. A. went to B.has gone to C. has been to D. had gone to 7.Im not feeling well. Ive caught a cold for three days （改错）8.Tom has begun to study English since five years ago.(改错)9. the train (arrive) yet? Yes,. It (arrive) a moment ago.10.用since或for填空1). three days 2).
13、 two months ago 3). last November 4). 1997 5). a week 6). this afternoon 7). 15 minutes ago 8). I was born 9). one and a half years 10). 9 oclock11). two seconds 12). they lived here11.The rain (stop).Lets go for a walk.12.His father has been there three times （ 提问 ） 13.The boys already ten years old, ?(反意疑问句)14.Shes ever read the story before .(否定句) 15.这本书你买了多久了？ 16.我的祖父母结婚已有50年了。 17.他的爷爷死了已有8年了。 18.这是Millie所看到的最精彩的足球比赛。 3
