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1、摆渡论文网（）-专业留学生作业辅导中心高分paper写作-国际合作开发可持续能源Abstract1. IntroductionEnergy is the source of social progress and economic development. But the environmental problem and depletion of energy resources call for the sustainable energy. The sustainable development in the energy field is a system of taking full
2、 advantage of exploration and usage and also creating conditions of sustainable usage for descendants (Kazmerski, 2014). Although the project to develop sustainable can provide reliable energy sources and eliminate the environmental problems, the energy project with the feature of long operation tim
3、e, huge capital demand and high technological threshold is difficult to achieve. Thus, the sustainable energy project is expected to be carried out by international collaboration. International collaboration is a basic form of international society and it will be adopted when the interest parties ha
4、ve the consistent benefits (Fearon, 1998). Based on it, this paper will discuss the importance of international collaboration in the development of sustainable energy field. After that, it will take Sino-American cooperation in this field for an example and put forward recommendations to improve the
5、 conditions. To make it more specific, Carbon Capture，Utilization and Storage (CCUS) will be regarded as the example of sustainable energy in the cooperation between China and America. CCUS is one of key technologies to deal with the challenges of global warming, which has been paid great attention
6、by countries around the world. CCUS is developed based on CCS (Carbon Capture and Storage) and has been a new trend of utilizing CO2. It purifies the CO2 discharged in process of production and put it into the new production. It can be adopted into the field of displacement of reservoir oil with CO2
7、 and plastic degradation with CO2 (Zhong, 2011). But there are great challenges in terms of industrialization.2. Literature reviewEnergy problem is an important challenge for the countries around the world. With the social progress and increase of civil awareness. The environmental problem led by th
8、e energy consumption happens. One of it is the climate warming. As one of the environment problem it is a global challenge for human beings and the essential problem for this matter is to deal with the carbon emission. In other word, people nowadays is looking for the sustainable energy to develop t
9、hemselves. But, the development of sustainable energy is not a plain sailing. Take CCUS as an example. CCUS is a new technology trend in this field. But when implementing this policy, most countries will encounter challenges of industrialization. Firstly, the high cost pressure slows down CCUS devel
10、opment. One of this adoption of CCUS is to degrade the plastic with CO2 and there are mainly four technique to achieve this idea. But only three way of these can be industrialized. Besides, this project is small-scale with features of products charging low price, small production and high operation
11、cost, which leads to the price of degraded plastic in this can reach to approximately 2769 dollars per ton. Its competitiveness is weakened in the condition of the price of oil going down (Lui and Leamon, 2014). Secondly, high risk of capital invention of CCUS project. In terms of unit investment qu
12、otas, the project of degrading plastics by CO2 is more expensive than that by running oil. A project producing 10 thousand tons of degraded plastics needs investment of more than 20 million dollars, which reflect high risks in terms of economic benefit (Romanenko and Eduard, 2014). Last, the high pr
13、ice of degraded plastics and poor features of heat stability and barrier property makes it small range of application of food packaging and medical treatment. It cannot enter into the large-demand market of thin film and mulch (Li, Wei and Chen, 2016). Based on the global problem and challenges for
14、the industrialization of CCUS, it calls for the international collaboration among the great powers. International collaboration can group the power from different countries to deal with the common challenges and generate benefits during the cooperation for each other. In this field, it can refer to
15、the investment cooperation, global value chain, market access and intellectual property. Thus, the following discussion will focus on these four parts.2.1 investment cooperationInvestment cooperation is one of the way to achieve the international collaboration in the development of sustainable energ
16、y field. The investment cooperation is a system to strengthen the relationship among different countries and it can also help to increase the ability of ant-risk. Sullivan (2008) has points out that the international investment cooperation plays an important role of developing the energy industry especially the renewable energy because the capital injection from different countries can help to increase the attention to the certain filed and complemen
