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1、Lesson Two,Marrakech by George Orwell,I. Background Knowledge,1. George Orwell,George Orwell,British novelist and essayist between the two world wars http:/etext.library.adelaide.edu.au/o/orwell/george See notes 1 on page 25,George Orwell was the pseudonym of Eric Arthur Blair (1903-50), an English
2、writer who at one time served with the Indian Imperial Police in Burma. He fought in the Spanish Civil War, an experience he recorded in Homage to Catalonia. His novels include Down and Out in Paris and London (describing a period of poverty in these cities); Burmese Days; Coming up for Air; A Clerg
3、yman s Daughter; Keep the Aspidistra Flying; Animal Farm; and 1984. The last two novels vilify (诽谤,中伤 ) socialist society and communism. Among his well known essays are: Shooting an Elephant; A Hanging; Marrakech; and Politics and the English Language.,George Orwell,Orwell is best remembered today f
4、or two of his novels Animal Farm and Nineteen Eighty-Four,His book - Animal Farm,Animal Farm (1945),- a political fable Each animal represents a certain human character, meant to criticize Stalins socialism. A short novel that criticizes the Soviet Union, one of Englands allies in World War II . It
5、is an entertaining story about animals or, on a deeper level, a savage attack on the misuse of political power.,Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949),An English novel about life in a dictatorship as lived by Winston Smith, an intellectual worker at the Ministry of Truth, and his degradation when he runs afoul
6、 of the totalitarian (极权主义的 ) government of Oceania (大洋洲), the state in which he lives in the year that he presumes is 1984.,George Orwell,the master of a superb, lucid (清晰的) prose style. an uncompromising individualist and political idealist famous for his political satires Orwell argued that write
7、rs have an obligation of fighting social injustice, oppression, and the power of totalitarian (极权主义的 ) regimes.,Features of his works,In reading his works, several aspects draw our attention: 1. His works show sharp powers of observation and deep sympathy for suffering people. 2. His works give a de
8、ep sense of conviction and urgency. 3. The use of English is clear, simple and direct, with no formality of embellishment(润色). (addition/decoration) He said his ideal was to write prose like a window pane-as clear as glass,His Life,He is mush praised in the west partly because of his anti-communist
9、point of view. He was born in India, father, a so called empire-builder -serving the British government abroad.,His Life,He received good education in Britain and studied in the most famous school “Eden”.,His Life,Marrakech is one of the places he travelled to. His travel made him take a hostile att
10、itude toward imperialism. He showed deep sympathy for the poor and became a firm supporter of socialism. Imperialism The policy of extending a countrys influence over less powerful states (Oxford World Encyclopedia (1998). Colonialism: a situation in which one country rules another (麦克米兰英语词典 ).,His
11、Life,He joined Spanish War. He was seriously wounded. The Spanish socialist forces divided into faction. The faction he belonged to was persecuted. So he became so pessimistic and depressed, which led him toward anti-communist attitude.,2. Morocco (摩洛哥),摩纳哥 地中海沿岸近法-意边界的独立公国。面积：约1.9平方千米。人口：约31,800(20
12、01)。居民大多是法国人，有少数意大利人。只有不到15的居民为摩纳哥后裔。语言：法语(官方语言)。宗教：天主教。货币：法郎。 A small principality located in the south of France in the hills above the Mediterranean Sea.,National flag of Morocco,2. Morocco,a. Located in North Africa, on the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean b. About 2000 B.C. settled by B
13、erber tribes, then invaded by Arabs in the 7th century, bringing with them Islam. c. In 1912, a Franco-Spanish agreement divided Morocco into 4 administrative zones-French Morocco, Spanish protectorate (保护国) , a southern protectorate and an international zone .,d. Gained independence in 1956 and bec
14、ame a constitutional monarchy (君主国) in 1957. Morocco is a member of the United Nations, the League of Arab States, and the Organization of African Unity. e. People: most Muslims; Most (70%) Moroccans are farmers, using camels, donkeys and mules to pull plows, trying to try to grow their own food. In
15、 the South a few tribesmen still wander from place to place in the desert. f. Islam: the state religion g. Arabic- the official language, French and Spanish also spoken.,Marrakech (马拉喀什 ),Marrakech/Marrakesh (马拉喀什 ) Location: At the center of west Morocco, at the Northern foot of the high Atlas. 130
16、 miles south of Casablanca, the chief seaport. -It is the principal commercial center of Morocco. -It has extremely hot summers but mild winters. -Renowned for leather goods - the old city is like a labyrinth (迷宫 ) full of crooked, deadened streets.,Marrakech,Marrakech is not only a fantastic city, it is also a symbol of the Morocco that once was, and which still survives here. The streets of the old and pink city have been too narrow to allow the introduction o
