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1、8D Process & Expectations,OCTOBER 2004,8D Expectations,Discipline “1” : Identify the team 第一步：组建团队,Team should include as a minimum : 团队至少由以下人员组成： Production Supervisor of area responsible for the defect 对产品质量问题负责的生产督导 Quality Engineer 品质工程师 Process Engineer 工艺工程師 + as appropriate Design Engineer, P
2、rod. Operator, Sub-supplier representatives, IT etc. these people MUST be empowered and capable of enacting solutions & changes 若有必要，相关设计工程师/生产操作员，供应商代表，IT人员等也须参加这些成员必须有权并有能力制定解决方案或实施变更。 Also include your Avery Weigh-Tronix contacts) as part of the team ensure your team recognises the “voice of the
3、customer” 同时也请把AWT联系人加入你们的团队，以便了解客户的需求。 FOR REPEAT ISSUES an EXECUTIVE SPONSOR needs to be identified. 对于屡次出现的问题应指定专门行政管理人员负责。,8D Expectations,Discipline “1” : Identify the team continued 第一步：组建团队（续）,Requirements for the Team :- 团队内部的相关要求 Identify the “champion” on the 8D. The champion should be the
4、 person responsible for the area that has the greatest control of the resolution. They should know the latest status of the 8D at ALL times. 指定8D文件的维护人。要求维护人是负责制订解决方案的核心成员，并且在任何时候都了解8D文件的最新状态。 Include Contact details telephone numbers & email addresses for ALL team members 包括各成员的联系资料电话号码、MAIL地址等等。 I
5、nclude the contact information of the AWTX staff 包括AWT相关人员的联系方式。,8D Expectations,Discipline “2” : Describe the Problem 第二步：描述问题,A paragraph that describes : 对问题应做简短描述： How the concern was discovered : 问题是怎么发现的 - AWTX audit / inspection AWT审核/检验 - Field Return Analysis 市場退货分析 - AWTX Manufacturing etc
6、. AWT生产过程中发现等 Timing WHEN the concern was discovered : 问题是何时发现的 - Prototype, volume build etc. 样品还是量产等 - Date, time of day if possible 日期及时间 Describe the problem 问题描述 - What were the effects? 究竟是什么不良 - Quantities, sample sizes 数量、抽样比例 - Batch / Serial Nos. etc. 批次/序列号等 - Failure rates / frequencies
7、不良率/频次,8D Expectations,Discipline “2” : Describe the Problem continued 第二步：问题描述续,The champion should ensure :- 维护人应确保做到： The person who found the problem is talked to within 24 hours (clues get cold quickly) 在一天时间之内向发现问题的人员了解情况。（有价值的线索稍纵既逝） They facilitate the expediting of returned parts through th
8、e businessat a minimum get photographs / datalogs / evidence. 想法尽快得到有问题的物件至少相关图片、数据或其它物证。 The AWTX Team will FULLY support the activity of obtaining as much data / photographic evidence as possible from the AWTX facility. 若相关问题在AWT被发现，AWT承诺会全力支持，以尽快反馈回尽可能多的图片、数据。,8D Expectations,Discipline “3” : Con
9、tainment Actions 第三步:围堵行动,Capture all suspect materials IMMEDIATELY and prevent further occurrences at the customer locations :- 立即找出所有可能出现问题的材料(成品,不成品,原材料,不良品),以防止类似不良在客户端再次发生. Secure all AWTX locations co-ordinate through AWTX. We can arrange third party containment activities rapidly, at your req
10、uest and cost. 通过AWT协助检查所有AWT经销客户端产品.AWT可以安排第三方采取应急方案. 当然,KRELL须提出请求并承担相关费用. Product in transit to AWTX / supplier partners 检查所有运往客户的在运产品. Stock in finished goods 检查库存成品. Stock in your facilities (include checks of labs, quality areas, quarantine stores, WIP etc.) 所有场地存货(包括实验室,检验区域,封存区,在制品等等) Stock
11、in transit to YOU (from sub-contractors) etc. 检查所有从供应商处运出的料件. List the methods used, actual areas checked, the quantities found good and suspect and Parts Per Million failure rates for each area on the 8D 在8D报告中填入检查可疑材料的方法,检查材料的存储区域,可疑材料的数量，检查后合格数量,不合格数量,不合格PPM,8D Expectations,Discipline “3” : Conta
12、inment Actions 第三步: 围堵行动续,The purpose of the containment action is to prevent any further defects being found by AWTX or our customers. It does nothing to actually RESOLVE the concern. 应急方案目的是为了避免AWT或AWT客户发现更多相同的缺陷, 不采取任何措施就不能解决问题 If the source is unknown, at a minimum add immediate 100% verificatio
13、n at SEVERAL key points of the entire process. Document this on the 8D. 如果问题的源头不清楚, 至少应立即100%确认制程中几个关键点, 并在8D报告中说明 Immediate 100% containment inspection at source if the origin is known. Document METHODS and results from ALL inspection activities (parts checked, failures found, PPM etc.) this is the
14、 VERIFICATION of your containment activities. 如果问题的源头清楚, 应立即100%检查所有可疑材料,在8D报告中记录检查方法,存储区域,数量,合格数量,不合格数量,不合格PPM-这是对你所采取围堵行动的验证 CONTAINMENT actions stay in place until root cause is identified, permanent actions are verified as effective and AWTX SQA approves closure of 8D 围堵行动必须持续进,直到发现根本原因,永久纠正措施验证
15、有效和AWT SQA 批准8D,8D Expectations,Discipline “4” : Describe the Root Cause 第四步: 分析寻找根本原因,There are TWO root causes that need to be identified :- 两种根本原因需要确认: How the Concern actually originated :- 问题是怎么发生的: Not the obvious 不是表面现象 Not the failure mode (broken, resistance too high etc.) 不是缺陷模式(损坏,电阻过大) A
16、sk Why? Continually until you are in do doubt as to what happened (often referred to as the “5Why” approach) 多问”为什么”, 直到对”问题是怎么发生”毫无疑问(参考”5Why”方法) It is not uncommon to find the true root cause in product planning / development processes / planned maintenance procedures etc. 在产品策划/开发阶段/维护保养等找到真正的根本原因也不少见 It is very common to have more than one root cause factor that combined to generate the fault. 不止一个根本原因/因素共同联合产生问题非常普遍,8D E
