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1、2015年职称英语综合类教材新增第二部分阅读判断第九篇 What Is a Dream？（B级）For centuries，people have wondered about the strange things that they dream about. Some psychologists say that this nighttime activity of the mind has no special meaning. Others，however，think that dreams are an important part of our lives. In fact，many
2、 experts believe that dreams can tell us about a persons mind and emotions.Before modern times，many people thought that dreams contained messages from God. It was only in the twentieth century that people started to study dreams in a scientific way.The Austrian psychologist，Sigmund Freud1，was probab
3、ly the first person to study dreams scientifically. In his famous book，The interpretation of Dreams （1900），Freud wrote that dreams are an expression of a persons wishes. He believed that dreams allow people to express the feelings，thoughts，and fears that they are afraid to express in real life.The S
4、wiss psychiatrist Carl Jung2 was once a student of Freuds. Jung，however，had a different idea about dreams. Jung believed that the purpose of a dream was to communicate a message to the dreamer. He thought people could learn more about themselves by thinking about their dreams. For example，people who
5、 dream about falling may learn that they have too high an opinion of themselves. On the other hand，people who dream about being heroes may learn that they think too little of themselves.Modern-day psychologists continue to develop theories about dreams. For example，psychologist William Domhoff from
6、the University of California，Santa Cruz，believes that dreams are tightly linked to a persons daily life，thoughts，and behavior. A criminal，for example，might dream about crime.Domhoff believes that there is a connection between dreams and age. His research shows that children do not dream as much as a
7、dults. According to Domhoff，dreaming is a mental skill that needs time to develop.He has also found a link between dreams and gender. His studies show that the dreams of men and women are different. For example，the people in mens dreams are often other men，and the dreams often involve fighting. This
8、 is not true of womens dreams.3 Domhoff found this gender difference in the dreams of people from 11 cultures around the world，including both modern and traditional ones.Can dreams help us understand ourselves？ Psychologists continue to try to answer this question in different ways. However，one thin
9、g they agree on this： If you dream that something terrible is going to occur，you shouldnt panic. The dream may have meaning，but it does not mean that some terrible event will actually take place. Its important to remember that the world of dreams is not the real world.词汇：psychologist n.心理学家 psychiat
10、rist n.精神病学家（医生）Austrian adj.奥地利的 gender n.性别注释：1.Sigmund Freud西格蒙德弗洛伊德（18561939），犹太人，奥地利精神病医生及精神分析学家。精神分析学派的创始人。他认为被压抑的欲望绝大部分是属于性的，性的扰乱是精神病的根本原因。著有性学三论梦的释义图腾与禁忌日常生活的心理病理学精神分析引论精神分析引论新编等。2.Carl Jung：卡尔荣格，瑞士著名精神分析专家，分析心理学的创始人。3.For example，the people in mens dreams are often other men，and the dreams
11、often involve fighting. This is not true of womens dreams.例如，在男性梦境中出现的通常是其他男性，而且常与打斗有关，而女性的梦境则不是这样。练习：1.Not everyone agrees that dreams are meaningful.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned2.According to Freud，people dream about things that they cannot talk about.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned3.Jung belie
12、ved that dreams did not help one to understand oneself.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned4.In the past，people believed that dreams involved emotions.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned5.According to Domhoff，babies do not have the same ability to dream as adults do.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned6.Men and w
13、omen dream about different things.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned7.Scientists agree that dreams predict the future.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned答案与题解1.A 这句话恰好表达了本文第一段的意思。即有些心理学家认为，人脑睡眠中的活动没有特别意义；而有些人则认为，梦可以揭示人的思维和情感活动。2.A 第三段的最后一句讲的是弗洛伊德认为梦反映了人们在现实情况下害怕表达的情感、思维和恐惧。此句与本叙述一致。3.B 第四段的第二句和第三句：Jung bel
14、ieved that the purpose of a dream was to communicate a message to the dreamer.（荣格认为，梦的用途是向做梦者传递一个信息）He thought people could learn more about themselves by thinking about their dreams.（他认为人们通过思考所做的梦能够更好地了解自己）。他给出了两个例子来说明他的论点。4.C 文中没有提及。5.A 依据第六段，Domhoff研究得出：孩子不像成人做那么多的梦，他认为做梦也是一项心智机能，需要随着年龄增长而发展。6.A
15、本文第七段讲述了做梦与性别的关系。第二句更指出男人和女人做的梦是不同的。7.B 最后一段的倒数第二句讲的是：梦可能会有意义，但并不表示一些恐怖事情就一定会发生。因而不能预测未来。第十一篇 Stage Fright 1（A级）Fall down as you come onstage. Thats an old trick. Not recommended. But it saved the pianist Vladimir Feltsman when he was a teenager back in Moscow. The veteran cellist Mstislav Rostropovich tripped him purposely to cure him of pre-performance panic，2 Mr. Feltsman said，”All my fright was gone. I already fell. What else could happen？”Today，music schools are addressing the problem of anxiety in classes that deal with performance techniques and
