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1、Biosafety Practices and Procedures,Presented by: Yang Y 19 Jun 2012,Biosafety,Concept: Biological safety is to prevent occupational acquired infections as well as the release of pathogens into the environment. Biosafety is the prevention of large-scale loss of biological integrity, focusing both on
2、ecology and human health. Biological & Biosecurity,Biosafety is related to several fields,In ecology In agriculture In medicine In chemistry In exobiology,Precautionary principle,Biosafety require application of the precautionary principle in order to prevent the accidental release of potentially de
3、structive biological material.,Biosafety level,A biosafety level is the level of the biocontainment precautions required to isolate dangerous biological agents in an enclosed facility. Biocontainment can be classified by the relative danger to the surrounding environment as biological safety levels
4、(BSL). The levels of containment range from the lowest biosafety level 1 (BSL-1) to the highest at level 4 (BSL-4).,Biosafety level 1,This level is suitable for work involving well-characterized agents not known to consistently cause disease in healthy adult humans, and of minimal potential hazard t
5、o laboratory personnel and the environment. Such as canine hepatitis, non-pathogenic Escherichia coli, as well as some cell cultures and non-infectious bacteria.,Biosafety level 2,This level is similar to Biosafety Level 1 and is suitable for work involving agents of moderate potential hazard to per
6、sonnel and the environment. It includes various bacteria and viruses that cause only mild disease to humans, or are difficult to contract via aerosol in a lab setting. Such as C. difficile, most Chlamydiae, hepatitis A, B, and C, influenza A, Lyme disease, Salmonella, mumps, measles, HIV, scrapie, M
7、RSA, and VRSA.,Biosafety level 3,This level is applicable to clinical, diagnostic, teaching, research, or production facilities in which work is done with indigenous or exotic agents which may cause serious or potentially lethal disease after inhalation. It includes various bacteria, parasites and v
8、iruses that can cause severe to fatal disease in humans but for which treatments exist. Such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Bacillus anthracis, SARS coronavirus, Salmonella typhi, and yellow fever virus.,Biosafety level 4,This level is required for work with dangerous and exotic agents that pose a h
9、igh individual risk of aerosol-transmitted laboratory infections, agents which cause severe to fatal disease in humans for which vaccines or other treatments are not available. Such as Ebola virus, Lassa fever,BSL-2 differs from BSL-1 in that,Laboratory personnel have specific training in handling p
10、athogenic; Access to the laboratory is limited when work is being conducted; Extreme precautions are taken with contaminated sharp items; Certain procedures in which infectious aerosols or splashes may be created are conducted in biological safety cabinets or other physical containment equipment.,Ae
11、rosol,An aerosol is a colloid suspension of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in a gas. Such as smog and smoke,Aerosols in the Laboratory, bottles and flasks; blenders and vortexers; centrifuges; homogenizers; needles and syringes; pipettes; pressurized vessels; rubber stoppers; shakers; sonic
12、ators; vacuum and aspirating equipment,Biosafety cabinet,A biosafety cabinet (BSC) is an enclosed, ventilated laboratory workspace for safely working with materials contaminated with pathogens requiring a defined biosafety level.,Purposes of Biosafety cabinet,The primary purpose of a BSC is to serve
13、 as the primary means to protect the laboratory worker and the surrounding environment from pathogens. All exhaust air is HEPA-filtered as it exits the biosafety cabinet, removing harmful bacteria and viruses.,Classes of Biosafety cabinet,Class II, Type A1, A2, B1, B2 Cabinet,Air flow in Class II, T
14、ype A2,Correct Use of Biosafety Cabinets,Start Up Turn off ultraviolet light (if so equipped) as soon as you enter the room. Turn on all blowers and BSC illumination lights. Allow five minutes of operation to purge system; check flow alarm system audio and visual alarm function (if so equipped). Dec
15、ontaminate readily accessible interior surfaces and items with a disinfectant (appropriate for the agents or suspected agents present) before loading and wait at least 10 minutes prior to start of work.,Correct Use of Biosafety Cabinets,During Use Load supplies prior to work. Do not overload cabinet
16、. Separate clean and dirty side. Work in center of work area. Do not block front or rear grills. Minimize disruption of airflow (turbulence). Clean up spill promptly. Discard waste within the cabinet.,Correct Use of Biosafety Cabinets,Shut Down Decontaminate and remove all items from interior work area. Decontaminate readily accessible interior surfaces with a disinfectant appropriate for the agents or suspected agents present. Turn on ultraviolet light (if so equipped). Al
