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1、阅读理解技巧之 猜测词意,考试说明中关于阅读理解的要求,本部分共分两节，测试考生的英语阅读理解能力。要求考生读懂书、报、杂志、网络中关于一般性话题的文字材料以及公告、说明、广告等（生词量不超过3），并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能： 、理解主旨要义； 、理解文中具体信息； 、根据上下文推断生词的词义； 、作出简单判断和理解； 、理解文章的基本结构； 、理解作者的意图和态度。,If you come across the new words when reading,What will you do ?,What difficulty do you have in reading?,How to
2、guess the meanings of words,Ways to Guess the Words,一. Explanation（解释）,二. Context（上下文）,三. Word-formation（字形）,四. Examples（例子）,五. Common sense（常识）,eg： It will be very hard but also very brittle - that is, it will break easily. eg： Modern medicine began with the stethoscope, a medical tool used for lis
3、tening to the movements of a persons lung and his heartbeats.,一、Explanation,易碎的，脆弱的,听诊器,利用文章中用不同的话对同一概念的解释，猜测词义。信号词：be, be called, means, be defined as ，that is,等等，标点符号有：等,A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter. His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who doe
4、s research on animals. The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. We are on the night shift - working from midnight to 8 a.m. - this week.,木匠,动物学家,牧人,夜班,Ex. 1 carpenter,zoologist,herdsman,night shift,二. Context,对比关系 同义、近义、反义关系 因果关系,e.g. John usually wastes a lot of money on su
5、ch useless things, his wife, however, is very abstemious .,go on,e.g. Though Toms face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby.,1.对比关系,污秽的, 邋遢的,有节制的, 节约的,能体现对比关系的词汇很多，主要有but, yet, however, while, unlike, instead,on the other hand, on the contrary, in contrast with等。标点符号分号有时也可表示对比。
6、,In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, however, everything seems to be in a state of turmoil. If you agree, write “ yes”; if you dissent, write “no”. Some human actions are learned, but quite a few other actions are innate. Although a large number of people considered him to ha
7、ve stolen the money, I was sure that he was innocent of the theft.,混乱,无辜的,天生的,不同意,Ex. 2 turmoil,dissent,innate,innocent,2.同义、近义、反义关系,同义词替换的表达方法可以为我们推测词义提供明显的语境线索。一些常见的引出同义词的标志性词语有or, like, similar等。,反义词利用文章中所出现的、与某生词或词组意思相反的内容，猜测词义。信号词中有instead, but,not等,e.g. Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. My
8、 aunt was an old woman, almost as plump as mother, and much shorter.,圆胖的, 丰满的,e.g. The new tax law supersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year.,取代,接替,撤换,go on,eg： American businessmen expect employees to be punctual. They do not expect that the workers will come late.,文中be punctual
9、的意思，可理解为“not come late”，即“准时，不迟到”。,e.g. Mr Smith loves to talk, and his wife is similarly loquacious.,显然，similarly 是个语境线索，它暗示loquacious意为love to talk。,Ex. 3 symptoms,volatile,shivered,One of symptoms caused by this kind of illness is a high fever. Because this chemical liquid is highly volatile, we
10、must keep it in a bottle which has a tight lid. In the strong wind, the beggar shivered with the terrible cold.,症状,易挥发的,颤抖,3. 因果关系:信号词：如because，as，since，for，so，thus，as a result, so that, such that，therefore等表示前因后果,e.g. Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it i
11、s very elastic.,e.g. The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.,弹性的,混浊的,Since I could not afford to purchase the original painting, I bought a replica. An inexperienced eye could not tell the difference. Hes such a shrewd businessman that he loses no mone
12、y in any trade. She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long.,复制品,精明的,修剪,Ex. 4 replica,shrewd,trim,1. With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence.,unco
13、nditional: nonjudgmental:,无条件的，绝对的,没有判断力的,2.根据构词法：合成、派生（前缀、后缀）、转化等,三. Word-formation,-er -or -ian -ist -ese -ess,后缀,构成可数名词,猜一猜: solution solve druggist drug electrician electric greatness great reminder remind,构词法,-ment -tion -ness -sion -ery -ing,后缀,构成抽象名词,dis- im- mis- un- non-,否定前缀,re- co- mini-
14、over- pre- post- vice- en- tele-,其它前缀,重复,共同,平等,小,过度,-后,副的,使-可能,远程,-前,猜一猜: minicar postwar supermarket preview preschool recall irrelative nonstandard disloyal unlock co-worker overactive vice president,微型汽车 战后 超市 预习 学前 回忆,回想 无关系的 不标准的 不忠诚的 开锁 合作者 过分活跃 副总统,-al -ble -ern -ful -ish -ive -less -y -ly -o
15、us,形容词后缀,en ize ify,动词后缀,e. g. weaken realize satisfy,猜猜: strengthen simplify activate mountainous courageous changeable lifeless hilly peaceable fictional,e.g. We must safeguard the world peace. A protect B care C prevent D to keep safe with guns e.g. Dont listen to his nonsense. A having no meanin
16、g B meaningless words C humorous speech D not making sense,A,B,维护, 保护, 捍卫,胡说, 废话,合成词,e.g. On the farm they mainly raise poultry, such as chickens, ducks and geese, for their eggs and meat.,e.g. I have found Lucy is quite generous, for example, whenever she meets a beggar, she gives some coins to him.,四. Examples,家禽,慷慨的，大方的,eg: Metal expands when heated and
