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1、,Unit 5 Eco-awareness in Traditional Chinese Culture,Lead-in,Text study,Exercises,Content,Lead-in,Watch a video clip of the English documentary Home, and notice the eco-philosophy it holds.,Introduction,The Philosophy of “Life”,Ecological Aesthetics,Humans at One with Other Living Things,Text study,
2、Introduction,Protection of the eco-environment is capturing wider international attention today.,Eco-ethics and eco-philosophy have arisen in the face of the increasingly serious ecological crisis facing the whole world.,Eco-ethics and eco-philosophy,The main idea of eco-ethics and eco-philosophy is
3、 to replace “human-centrism (人类中心主义)” with “eco-holism (生态整体主义)”. It holds that all living things in the earths biosphere are entitled to equal rights similar to those of human beings, or the rights to survival and development.,Introduction,When we examine traditional Chinese culture, we also find f
4、rom ancient times a strong eco-consciousness that is at one with eco-ethics and eco-philosophy.,采菊东篱下 悠然见南山,山气日夕佳 飞鸟相与还,Introduction,The Philosophy of “Life (生)”,Traditional Chinese philosophy is a philosophy of “life”.,Confucius “Heaven is the source of all living things.” The “creation of life” is
5、 the “Heavenly Way (天道)” and the “Heavenly Destination (天命)”.,The Book of Changes (Yijing) “The continuous creation of life is change (生生之谓易).” The great virtue of Heaven and Earth is creating life (天地之大德曰生).“,The Philosophy of “Life (生)”,Mencius “(One should) love ones family, love the people, and
6、love all living things in the world (亲亲而仁民，仁民而爱物).”,Confucian thinkers of later generations carried on the idea of “Heaven and Earth giving birth to all life (天地生物之心)”, and thus emphasized love for and kindness toward all living things.,Many prominent Confucian scholars of the Song Dynasty (960-1279
7、) echoed their masters view on life.,周敦颐,程颐,张载,程颢,The Philosophy of “Life (生)”,“Heaven creates life through yang and nurtures (养育) life through yin (天以阳生万物，以阴成万物).” Zhou Dunyi (1017-1073),Note: Zhou Dunyi: 周敦颐。北宋理学家，曾撰写太极图书和通书。,The Philosophy of “Life (生)”,周敦颐,“The nature of life is love (生之性便是仁).”
8、Cheng Yi (1033-1107),Note: Cheng Yi: 程颐。称伊川先生，河南府（今河南洛阳）人，与程颢为兄弟，世称“二程”，同受学于理学创始人周敦颐，后建立了自己的理学体系。,程颐,The Philosophy of “Life (生)”,“All people in the world are my brothers and all beings in the world are my companions (民吾同胞，物吾与也).“ Zhang Hengqu (1020-1077),Note: Zhang Hengqu: 张横渠，名载，字子厚，北宋哲学家，人称横渠先生。
9、理学支脉“关学”创始人，反对“有生于无”的思想，提出“太虚”即“元气”、“气”，是万物生成的本源。,The Philosophy of “Life (生)”,“Those with love regard themselves as the same as other living things in the world (仁者以天地万物为一体).” Cheng Hao (1032-1085),Note: Cheng Hao: 程颢。称明道先生，为程颐兄弟。“二程”为理学的奠基者。,The Philosophy of “Life (生)”,Note: Zheng Banqiao: 郑板桥。清代
10、著名画家，“扬州八怪”的主要代表，以三绝“诗、书、画”闻名于世的书画家、文学家。,“I loved all living things in the world, be it an ant or an insect. This was the will of Heaven, and that human beings should understand Heavens will.” Zheng Banqiao (1693-1765),The Philosophy of “Life (生)”,Related to eco-ethics and eco-philosophy is the eco-
11、aesthetics of traditional Chinese culture.,瘦西湖 Slender West Lake in Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, a scene of vibrant life,Ecological Aesthetics,Ecological Aesthetics,Ancient Chinese thinkers regarded nature, with human beings included in it, as the world of life. All living things in the world have th
12、eir own life and state of being.,Ecological Aesthetics,Ecological Aesthetics,Ecological Aesthetics,Love for all living things in the world and appreciation for their state of being can often be found in ancient works of art and literature.,Humans at One with Other Living Things,Art,Dong Qichang (155
13、5-1636), a famous painter of the late Ming Dynasty, explained that, most artists enjoyed a long life because everything they observed was full of life.,Note: Dong Qichang: 董其昌。“华亭派”的主要代表，精于书画鉴赏，其书画风格名重当世，并成为明代艺坛的主流。,Dong You, collector and connoisseur (鉴赏家) of the Song Dynasty, emphasized that artis
14、ts should depict (描绘) the state of life, which exists in nature. Therefore, artists should observe and learn from nature.,Humans at One with Other Living Things,Wang Gai (1654-1710) of the Qing Dynasty compared the happiness of fish in their natural world to that of humans in their natural world.,No
15、te: Wang Gai: 王概。擅诗画，传世作品有康熙玉山观画图轴等；且擅诗文，著有澄心堂纸赋称于时。,Humans at One with Other Living Things,A work of Wang Gai,Literature,In the poems of the Tang and Song dynasties, when Chinese poetry reached the apex (预点) of development, birds and flowers were often depicted as if they had human feelings.,感时花溅泪
16、恨别鸟惊心,落花人独立 微雨燕双归,Humans at One with Other Living Things,In Strange Tales from Make-do Studio (Liaozhai Zhiyi), by Pu Songling (1640-1715), human beings and other living things are described as being of the same kind. Many of the stories tell of love between men and beautiful women incarnated (化身的) from plants or animals.,Note: 1. Strange Tales from Make-do Studio:聊斋志异。清代文言短篇小说集，蒲松龄撰，合计近500篇。故事来源非常广泛，具有很高的思想价值和独特的艺术风格。 2. Pu Songling:蒲松龄。清代文学家，别号柳泉居士，山东淄川（今属淄博市）人
