《专题15 阅读理解-2年中考1年模拟备战2018年中考英语精品系列（解析版）》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《专题15 阅读理解-2年中考1年模拟备战2018年中考英语精品系列（解析版）（31页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、解读考点阅读题型探究中考英语的完型阅读题型是英语考试中最重要的部分，占了考试内容的大部分内容，也是学生得分的重要内容。要想得到高分，必须审清题干；根据语境，联系上下文，抓住主旨句、根据细节分析。直击考点中考阅读理解能力测试的主要要求1、直接型(查找事实、细节)：这类题目主要包括事实识别、有关计算、识图、排列顺序等。一般地，这类题目可以直接从短文中找到可用的信息。这些问题一般都涉及到文章的“5W”，即 who(人物)，when(时间)，where(地点)， what(事件)，why(原因)，how(方式)等。题目设计大多直截了当。只要通读全文，注意文中所述的重要事实或细节，就可以做出正确解答。以
2、图表材料命制的题目更是如此。2、理解型(理解词句或句子含义)：结合具体的语境，正确理解单词、词组或句子在阅读材料中的确切含义，是阅读理解能力的一个重要方面。有些词句，虽然未曾学过，但可通过上下文语境推测其含义，有些词虽然不是生词，但在具体的语言环境中已被赋予了特定的、新的含义。解答这类题目时需要对有关的上下文，甚至整篇文章的内容建立准确、立体的理解才能做出正确答案。拓展：猜测词义几种常用方法：（下面的猜测方法比较适合成绩较好的初中生和高中生研读）1）构词知识法：Tom disagreed with the captain about this. 前缀dis-表示否定，据此disagree 意为
3、“不同意”。2）定义法：例1：A century is a hundred years. a hundred years 解释了century的意思是“百年”或“世纪”。例2：A bag is useful and the word “bag” is useful. It gives us some interesting phrases(短语). One is “to let the cat out of the bag”. It is the same as “to tell a secret”.Now when someone lets out (泄漏) a secret, he “le
4、ts the cat out of the bag.”John “lets the cat out of the bag” means he _.A. makes everyone know a secret B. the woman bout a catC. buys a cat in the bag D. sells the cat in the bag在这篇文章里，“let the cat out of the bag”虽然是一个新出现的短语，但紧接着后面就给出解释It is the same as “to tell a secret”根据这一解释，我们就可判断出正确答案应为A。3、推理
5、型(逻辑推理、数据计算)：这类题目的答案在原文中是不能直接找到的，必须抓住文中相关信息，顺藤摸瓜，进行有理有据的分析、归纳和推理，才能找出答案。有时需要透彻理解作者的双关语和弦外之音等。在表现形式上常采用下列句式：We can infer/learn/conclude from the passage that _.The story suggests that _.What is the reason of?What is the real meaning of s words?According to the passage, we know that_.From the story we
6、 can see/learn/say_.The writer tells us_.It can be seen from the passage that_.(a) 根据常识推断很多短文所设计的题目往往与其它方面的常识相关联，有时需结合或根据已有的常识做出判断。比如解答科学小品文的题目可能要用到物理或化学方面的知识，解答跟自然科学有关的题目可能要用到地理、生物方面的知识等。靠这些知识的帮助，往往能快速做出解答，至少可以更加准确地理解短文。例如：One day we invited some friends to dinner. When it was about half past eleve
7、n, my wife found that we had little bread. So she asked our five-year-old daughter, Kathy, to buy some. One day, Kathys parents invited some friends to have_.A. breakfast B. lunch C. supper D. a party【分析】由文中“One day we invited some friends to dinner.”一句可知，主人要宴请客人吃饭，所以D项(聚会)不合文意，先予以排除。但是在早(breakfast)
8、，午(lunch)，晚(supper)三餐中，却未明确指出到底请客人吃哪一顿饭。英语中对“dinner”一词的解释是：main meal of the day, whether eaten at midday or in the evening. 这样可以将A项排除。至于是B还是C，仍然不能确定。再看下文中的“When it was about half past eleven”，显然，快十一点半点了，主人尚未准备就绪。根据生活常识，这里的无疑是上午11:30，再结合“一日三餐”这一常识，他们请客人吃的只能是午饭，所以可以推断出正确答案是B。(b) 根据计算判断有些题目需根据短文的意思进行数字
9、运算。中考的“阅读理解”中的数据推算并不要求高深的数学知识。在有关数据推算的试题中，根据短文所提供的数据进行必要的运算时，所涉及的数学知识一般都比较简单，关键在于准确理解原文的含义。例如：In five years the percentage (比例) of Beijing residents who can speak English will be raised to around 30 percent from 15 percent now. If the population of Beijing grows to fifteen million by 2016, how many
10、people will probably be able to speak English? About _.A. 15,000,000 B. 4,500,000 C. 3,000,000 D. 1,500,000【分析】原文中提到：五年之后，会说英语的北京居民的比例将会由现在的15%提升到30%。试卷所提的问题是：如果到2008年北京的人口达到15,000,000，会说英语的人将会有多少？尽管短文中没有提到这个数据，但根据题意不难推算15,000,00030%=4,500,000所以答案为B。(c) 根据逻辑关系推断根据短文中的基本事实、故事情节发展的逻辑关系(如时间、因果、条件、比较、转折
11、、让步等，)进行深层的理解，并在此基础上进行题目的理解。在逻辑判断题中，这部分题目是比较难做的。例1：We are in the computer age. We often see computers at work. They are especially usefully in automatic control, data processing (数据处理) and solving complicated problems. And they are finding their way into the home. The part played by computers is bec
12、oming even more important with each passing day.More and clever computers will continue to appear. They will run faster, have more functions and work much more skillfully. They will take over more tasks from us, helping to change the face of our world. Some people even think that sooner or later com
13、puters will replace us.HoweverWhich of the following will best continue the third paragraph?A. Computers will soon stop developing. B. Many people like computers very much.C. Computers are as cleverer as man. D. I do not think computers will replace us completely.【分析】显然，本文采用了对比的方式来表达自己对电脑的看法。前面描写了计算
14、机的优点，但作者用however一词预示自己将引出相反的观点，故答案为D。例2：Secondly, a news story has to be interesting and unusual. People dont want to read stories about everyday life. As a result, many stories are about some kind of danger and seem to be “bad” news.According to the passage, which of the following can you most poss
15、ibly watch on TV?A. You often play football with your friends after school. B. Your teacher has got a cold.C. A tiger in the city zoo has run out and hasnt been caught. D. The bike in front of your house is lost.根据这段文字，我们可以推断：电视报道的新闻故事必须是有趣的和不平常的。因此，正确答案应为C。4、概括型(归纳主旨大意)：要求考生在阅读和理解全文大意的基础上对文章做出归纳、概括或评价。解这种题目时，不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义，比如涉及文章的标题(title)、主题(main idea)、结论(conclusion)、结局(end)等有关问题，都需要在细读全文的基础上，结合所学语言知识、背景知识、生活常识、专业知识进行逻辑思维推理判断，有的时候还要求对作者写作的意图、观点进行剖析，甚至推测作者的语气、态度等。在表现形式上常采用下列句式：This passage is about_.The main idea of this passage is _.The best title (标题) of the passage can be
