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1、备战2018中考系列：英语2年中考1年模拟专题11 动词的语态解读考点动词的语态 和时态一样，语态也是动词的一种形式，用来说明句中主语和谓语的关系。如果动作由主语执行，就可使用主动语态，如果主语不是由主语执行，主语是动作的承受者，则可使用被动语态。由此我们可以看出英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者，什么事情被主语做。被动语态的构成和形式被动语态由助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成，一定要记住是及物动词。助动词必须与主语的人称和数一致，注意要与我们前一讲学过的八个时态配合使用。直击考点来源:Z#xx#k.Com语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出
2、者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。 被动语态 1) 被动语态最基本的句型结构是： be +及物动词过去分词 2) 被动语态中的谓语动词一定要是及物动词 因为被动句中的主语是动作的承受者，某些短语动词如look after, think of, take care of, work out, laugh at等，也可用于被动语态。 The children were taken good care of by her. 【注意】 短语动词中的介词或副词变成被动语态时不可遗漏。 来源:Zxxk.Com3) 主动语态变为被动语态要加“to”的情况 若宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式，变为被动
3、语态时，该不定式前要加to。此类动词为感官动词，如：feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, make, observe, see, notice, watch等。例如： The teacher made me go out of the classroom. I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher). 4) 主动形式表示被动意义 如wash, clean, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell等动词虽然用做主动形式却表示被动
4、的意义。例如： The food tastes good.【名师点睛】一、重点1 .被动语态的构成：助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词。助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化。(1)一般现在时的被动语态：am(is ,are) + 动词过去分词Rice is grown in China .中国出产大米。(2)一般过去时的被动语态：was(were) + 动词过去分词These photos were taken last year .这些照片是去年照的。(3)含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词 + be + 动词过去分词This car can be mended in an hour .这辆小汽车
5、一小时就能修好。2 .主动语态变被动语态的方法：(1)把主动语态的宾语提前变为被动语态的主语。(2)把主动语态的谓语动词变为被动结构。但时态应保持一致，但人称和数的形式取决于被动语态的主语。(3)把主动结构的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语，有时可以省略。二、难点(1)被动语态的用法(即何时用被动语态)。(2)主动语态变被动语态的方法(怎样变)。三、考点(1)一般现在时的被动语态。(2)一般过去时的被动语态。(3)含有情态动词的被动语态。(4)将主动语态的句子变为被动语态。有关动词的语态在历年各地中考题中约占3分左右。四主动语态改成被动语态方法把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单，可以遵循以下几
6、个步骤：1. 将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语；2. 谓语动词变为be+及物动词的过去分词，并通过be的变化来表达出 不同的时态；3主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。（有时by的短语可以省略）；例：1. Bruce writes a letter every week. A letter is written by Bruce every week .五、被动语态的用法：1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词 Our classroom is cleaned everyday.2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：
7、was / were + 及物动词的过去分词 A new shop was built last year.3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词 This book has been translated into many languages.4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 Many more trees will be planted next year.5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 Young trees must be watered often
8、.6. 现在进行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词 Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.My bike is being repaired by Tom now.7. 不定式的被动语态：to + be + 及物动词的过去分词 There are tw o books to be read. There are twenty more trees to be planted.来源:Zxxk.Com六、使用被动语态应注意的几个问题：1. 不及物动词无被动语态。 What will happen in 100 year
9、s. The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。This pen writes well. This new book sells well.3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省 略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to，但变为被动语态时，须加上to。 例：make somebody do somethingsomebody+ be +made to do something see somebody do so methingsomebody +be +seen to do something Th
10、e boss made the little boy do heavy work.The li ttle boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语(物)作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。 He gave me a book.A book was given to me by him. He showed me a ticket.A ticket was shown to me by him.5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词
11、。 We cant laugh at him. He cant be laughed at by us.英语中动词的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者时为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者时为被动语态。注意：1）感官动词主动语态的宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加to。例句(examples)：The teacher made me go out of the classroom. 老师逼我走出教室。 I was made to go out of the classroom（by the teacher）.We saw him play football
12、 on the playground. 我们看见他在草场踢球。 He was seen to play football on the playground.2）情态动词+ be +过去分词，构成被动语态。例句(examples)：Coal can be used to produce electricity for agriculture and industry. 煤可以产生工农业需要的电。2年中考2017年题组1（2017 安徽）Mr. Green _ to sing an English song at the party and he sang well. A. was invite
13、dB. invitedC. is invitedD. invites2. （2017 苏州市中考）Why hasnt Tony come?The invitation letter _ to Toby by accidentA. was emailed B. has emailed C. is emailed D. emailed 3. （2017 山东青岛）Teenagers have to be 18 years old before they _ to drive a car.来源:学,科,网Z,X,X,KA. are allowed B. will be allowedC. allow
14、4（2017 山东泰安） As China grows stronger and stronger, Chinese _ in more and more schools out of our country.A. teaches B. is taught C. has taught D. was taught5. （2017 上海中考）The museum _ next month to celebrate the Science & Technology Festival.A. is decorated B. will decorate C. is decorating D. will be decorated2016年题组1. （2016 湖北省随州市中考）Your bedroom is so clean.Of course. It _ every day.A. cleans B. cleaned C. is cleaned D. was cleaned2（2016 湖北省宜昌市中考）Quite a few new laws and rules on food safety _ into use last month.Can you tell me what they are?A. were putting B. have been put C. we
