《初中英语零基础学语法--英语句子结构(2)》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《初中英语零基础学语法--英语句子结构(2)（43页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、英语句子结构,基本成分 附属成分 独立成分 省略成分 连接成分,简单句 并列句 复合句,主语 系动词 表 (S + LV + predicative) 主语 不及物动词 （ S + Vi ） 主语 及物动词 宾语 ( S + Vt + O) 主语动词+间宾+直宾(S +Vt +O.indir+O. dir) 主语 动词 宾语 补语 (S + Vt. + O + O. compl),简单句的五种基本句型,主语、动词（不及物动词、及物动词、双宾动词、系动词、宾补动词)、宾语及补语可以称为基本句子成分。完整的句子一般至少包含2个基本成分，至多4个基本成分。,主语,谓语,宾语,表语,Vt（及物动词）,
2、系动词,Vi（不及物动词）,英语句子基本成分示意图,be / feel / seem / look appear / stand / lie become /get / grow / turn go / come / remain/ keep taste / smell etc.,1、主语 系动词 表语（主语补语） She is happy 2、主语 不及物动词 She came/ My head aches. 3、主语 及物动词 宾语 She likes English. 4、主语 动词 间接宾语 直接宾语 She bought John a book/She bought a book f
3、or John. 5、主语 动词 宾语 补语 She makes her mother angry The teacher asked me to read the passage.,简单句基本句型实例,主语（subject） 句子的主体，全句述说的对象,一般常置于句首。,Jane is good at playing the piano. She went out in a hurry. Four plus four is eight. To see is to believe. Smoking is bad for health. The young should respect the
4、old. What he has said is true.,（名词） （代词） （数词） （不定式） （动名词） （名词化的形容词） （句子）,找出句中主语,The sun rises in the east. Twenty years is a short time in history. The poor are now living in the shelter. Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. He likes dancing. What he needs is a book. It is very clear that the
5、elephant is round and tall like a tree.,（名词）,（代词）,（数词）,（动名词）,（不定式）,（句子）,(名词化的形容词）,（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）,谓语 说明主语的动作、状态，常置于主语后,简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语 :由情态动词或助动词+动词构成; He can speak English well. She doesnt seem to like dancing My father is
6、watching TV,Show your passport, please. She didnt say anything. How many do you want? - I want two. They sent the injured to hospital. They decided to leave now. I enjoy working with you. Did you write down what he said?,（名词 ）,( 代词）,(数词),(名词化的形容词),(三)宾语 动作的对象或承受者，常置于及物动词或介词后,（不定式）,（动名词）,（句子）,宾语分为直接宾
7、语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物或事,间接宾语指人或动物. He gave me some books., 间接 宾语, 直接 宾语,please pass me the book. He bought his girlfriend some flowers.,（四）表语,表述主语的特征、身份、状态等，置于系动词后 My father is a boss. This book is mine. Time is precious. Ill be twenty next year. The war was over. I dont feel at ease.,(形容词),(代词),(名词),(数词),(
8、副词),(介词短语),7. They seem to know the truth. 8. His main hobby is smoking . 9. This story is very interesting . 10. Never touch an electric wire when it is broken . 11. Is that why you were angry?,(不定式),(现在分词/形容词),(动名词/名词),(过去分词/形容词),(从句),注：除了be 系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词， 1)表感官的动词: 2) 表转变变化的动词: 3)表延续的动词,fee
9、l, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。,become, get, grow, turn, go,等,remain, keep, hold, stay, rest等。,There be 结构,1、定义：There be句型表示某处存在某物或某人。 2、结构：(1) There is +单数可数名词/不可数名词+ 地点状语. (2) There are +复数名词+地点状语. 注意事项： there是引导词，在句中不充当任何成分，翻译时也不必译出。句子的主语是某人或某物，谓语动词be要与主语（某人或某物）的数保持一致。当主语是两个或两个以上的名词
10、时，谓语动词要与跟它最近的那个名词一致。如： There is a bird in the tree. 树上有一只鸟。 There is a teacher and many students in our classroom. 我们教室里有一位老师和许多学生。 There are two boys and a girl under the tree. 树下有两个男孩，一个女孩。,1.不定式(to do) Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。 2.名词 At the meeting we elected him
11、 monitor. I think your brother a clever boy. 3.形容词 I found the classroom empty. 4.副词 Please call the students back at once. 5.现在分词 We hear him singing in the hall. I found him lying in bed, sleeping. 6.过去分词 He saw his face reflected in the water.,认识补语,附属成分,基本成分的修饰语。可以是： 定语：即用来修饰名词的单词、短语或从句 状语：即用来修饰名
12、词或代词以外的词的单词、短语或从句。,定 语 Poor John tottered toward a hospital nearby She likes oranges imported from the USA. John gave Mary many books，which are full of illustrations Have you seen the book on the desk? The boy playing over there is my brother. People there like sports.,John often came to chat with m
13、e John likes oranges very much Whenever he gets drunk，John makes Mary very angry Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. As he was ill, he didnt come to class yesterday. She is sitting at the desk, doing her homework. My father worked in this school ten years ago. Youd better stay here.,状 语,Examples:
14、Oh！What is that！（惊叹词） He has，alas，failed again (哎呀,唉) Come here，John（呼语） Roll on，Ocean，roll on(流动啊，海洋，流动 ),句中可以去掉的成分，去掉后不影响句子的完整性。这种成分和句子的其他词没有语法的关系。,独立成分,（You） Come here （I wish you）Good luck！ Some gave him praises，but others（gave him）rotten eggs He runs as fast as, if ( he does ) not ( run ) faste
15、r, than you. ( I ) Hope you like it. John should clean the room today and Peter ( should clean it ) tomorrow.,句中被省略的成分，虽然未说出来，却在句中表示一定的意思：,省略成分,连接成分实际上是一个连词，用来连接两个或几个平行的词、短语和分句。这种连词叫做并列连词。 He tried hard but he was unsuccessful. I used to live in Paris and London. 另一类连接成分是用来连接两个句子、且一个句子从属于另一个句子（即从句）的
16、连词。这类连词叫从属连词。从属连词主要用于引导各种从句。 He said that he did not want to go . You may come if you want to. 一个完整的句子（主句或从句）必须包含2个到4个基本成分，此外，如果意思上有需要，还可包含一个或更多其他的句子成分。,连接成分,There be 结构,1、定义：There be句型表示某处存在某物或某人。 2、结构：(1) There is +单数可数名词/不可数名词+ 地点状语. (2) There are +复数名词+地点状语. 注意事项： there是引导词，在句中不充当任何成分，翻译时也不必译出。句子的主语是某人或某物，谓语动词be要与主语（某人或某物）的数保持一致。当主语是两个或两个以上的名词时，谓语动词要与跟它最近的那个名词一致。如： There is a bird in t
