《卫生学01-环境卫生学绪论》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《卫生学01-环境卫生学绪论（79页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、1,环 境 卫 生 学 Environmental Health Science,周宏伟,教授，博导，环境卫生学系主任 国家优秀青年基金获得者 教育部新世纪优秀人才 广东省千百十工程国家级培养对象 办公电话：61648327, Email: ,南方医科大学公共卫生与热带医学学院 环境卫生学系 周宏伟 ,2,Overprotection is as evil as underprotection,个人所处的小环境（personal environment） 对人体健康的影响常常大于 外界大环境(ambient environment) 的作用,4,南方医科大学公共卫生与热带医学学院 环境卫生学系
2、 周宏伟 ,一、环境卫生学定义,5,定义1,研究自然环境和生活环境与人群健康的关系，解释环境因素对人群健康影响的发生、发展规律，为充分利用环境有益因素和控制环境有害因素提出卫生要求和预防对策，增进人体健康，提高整体人群健康水平的科学。 是预防医学的重要分支学科，也是环境科学不可缺少的重要组成部分。 陈学敏，杨克敌,南方医科大学公共卫生与热带医学学院 环境卫生学系 周宏伟 ,6,Definition 2,In its broadest sense, environmental health is the segment of public health that is concerned wit
3、h assessing, understanding, and controlling the impacts of people on their environment and the impacts of the environment on them. -Moeller D.W. Environmental Health,7,Wikipedia definition,Environmental health is that branch of public health that is concerned with all aspects of the natural and buil
4、t environment that may affect human health. Other phrases that concern or refer to the discipline of environmental health include environmental public health, and environmental protection. The field of environmental health is closely related to environmental science and public health as environmenta
5、l health is concerned with environmental factors affecting human health.,南方医科大学公共卫生与热带医学学院 环境卫生学系 周宏伟 ,8,“Environmental health addresses all the physical, chemical, and biological factors external to a person, and all the related factors impacting behaviours. It encompasses the assessment and contro
6、l of those environmental factors that can potentially affect health. It is targeted towards preventing disease and creating health-supportive environments. This definition excludes behaviour not related to environment, as well as behaviour related to the social and cultural environment, as well as g
7、enetics.“:1,南方医科大学公共卫生与热带医学学院 环境卫生学系 周宏伟 ,9,Environmental health is defined by the WHO as:2 Those aspects of the human health and disease that are determined by factors in the environment. It also refers to the theory and practice of assessing and controlling factors in the environment that can pote
8、ntially affect health. Environmental health as used by the WHO Regional Office for Europe, includes both the direct pathological effects of chemicals, radiation and some biological agents, and the effects (often indirect) on health and well being of the broad physical, psychological, social and cult
9、ural environment, which includes housing, urban development, land use and transport.,南方医科大学公共卫生与热带医学学院 环境卫生学系 周宏伟 ,10,Environmental health services are defined by the World Health Organization as: those services which implement environmental health policies through monitoring and control activities.
10、 They also carry out that role by promoting the improvement of environmental parameters and by encouraging the use of environmentally friendly and healthy technologies and behaviors. They also have a leading role in developing and suggesting new policy areas.,南方医科大学公共卫生与热带医学学院 环境卫生学系 周宏伟 ,11,Discipl
11、ines,Three basic disciplines generally contribute to the field of environmental health: environmental epidemiology, toxicology, and exposure science. Each of these disciplines contributes different information to describe problems in environmental health, but there is some overlap among them.,南方医科大学
12、公共卫生与热带医学学院 环境卫生学系 周宏伟 ,12,Environmental epidemiology,studies the relationship between environmental exposures (including exposure to chemicals, radiation, microbiological agents, etc.) and human health. Observational studies, which simply observe exposures that people have already experienced, are
13、common in environmental epidemiology because humans cannot ethically be exposed to agents that are known or suspected to cause disease. While the inability to use experimental study designs is a limitation of environmental epidemiology, this discipline directly observes effects on human health rathe
14、r than estimating effects from animal studies.,南方医科大学公共卫生与热带医学学院 环境卫生学系 周宏伟 ,13,Toxicology,studies how environmental exposures lead to specific health outcomes, generally in animals, as a means to understand possible health outcomes in humans. Toxicology has the advantage of being able to conduct ra
15、ndomized controlled trials and other experimental studies because they can use animal subjects. However there are many differences in animal and human biology, and there can be a lot of uncertainty when interpreting the results of animal studies for their implications for human health,南方医科大学公共卫生与热带医学学院 环境卫生学系 周宏伟 ,14,Exposure science,studies human exposure to environmental contaminants by both identifying and quantifying exposures. Exposure science can be used to support environmental epidemiology by better describing environmental exposures
