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1、1 五四语法十五四语法十 非谓语动词非谓语动词 语法考点剖析 考点一考点一 动词不定式动词不定式 动词不定式的基本形式是“to动词原形”，否定形式是在不定式前加 not，具有动词的特点，可以有 自己的宾语和状语，但没有人称与数量的变化，在句中也不能作谓语，动词不定式及其宾语和状语构成不定 式短语。 1 1动词不定式作主语。 动词不定式作主语时，可以用动名词替换且常用 it 作形式主语，把不定式后置，常构成 “Itbeadj.(for sb.)动词不定式”。 Its important (for us) to protect the environment.(对我们来说)保护环境很重要。 2 2
2、动词不定式作表语。 My job is to teach English.我的工作是教英语。 3 3动词不定式作宾语或宾语补足语。 后接动词不定式作宾语的动词或短语有 want, begin/start, love, forget, remember, teach, decide, agree, seem, would like, plan 等。 后接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有 ask, tell, invite, allow, want, wish, encourage 等。 在使役动词 make, let, have 和感官动词 see, feel, look, smell 等的后面作
3、宾语补足语时，不定式符号 to 要省略。help 后的不定式可以带 to 也可以不带 to。 make sb. do sth.的被动语态必须加 to。 感官动词之后，可以加 do，表示动作经常发生；也可加 doing，表示动作正在发生或动作的一次性。 4 4动词不定式作定语。 I have a lot of homework to do.我有许多家庭作业要做。 不定式与所修饰的名词之间是动宾关系，如果不定式是不及物动词，它后面要有相关的介词。 The cat is easy to take care of.这只猫很好照顾。 5 5动词不定式作状语。 Mrs. Wang went to Shan
4、ghai to see her daughter.王太太去上海看她女儿。(表目的) Were glad to meet you here.我们很高兴在这儿见到你。(表原因) He is too tired to work on.他太累了而不能继续工作了。(表结果) 6 6“疑问词不定式”结构。 疑问词 who, what, when, where, how, which 等后接不定式，构成不定式短语，在句中作主语、宾语、表语 2 等。 The teacher is telling the students what to do.老师正告诉同学们做什么。 He didnt know where
5、to go/where he should go.他不知道去哪里。 7 7动词不定式的特殊句型。 too. to.太而不能 Why dont you do sth.？为什么不做某事 had better （not） do sth.最好（不）做某事 prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.宁愿做某事， 而不愿做某事 make sb. do sth.让某人去做某事 be made to do sth.被迫做某事 ) 单项选择 1 1(20182018上海中考)Mr. Zhou is good at cooking and he has decided his ow
6、n restaurant. Aopen BopenedCto open Dopening 2 2(20182018四川成都中考改编)I got up early this morning my grandma at the airport. Ato pick up Bpicking upCpicked up Dpick up 3 3(20182018四川乐山中考改编)Julia, your mobile phone is ringing. Wait a minute. Its dangerous it while crossing the street. Aanswering BanswerC
7、to answer Danswered 考点二考点二 动名词动名词 动名词由“动词原形ing”构成，与现在分词同形。动名词既有动词的性质(可有宾语和状语)，也有 名词的性质，可作主语、宾语、表语或定语。 1 1动名词常用结构： doing 结构有 keep doing, avoid doing, consider doing, enjoy doing, feel like doing, finish doing, mind doing, stop doing, practice doing, suggest doing, understand doing, be busy doing, be
8、good at doing, be interested in doing, cant help doing, give up doing, make a living (by) doing, put off doing, there be sb. doing sth.等。 haven.(in) doing 结构有 have fun (in) doing, have trouble (in) doing, have a hard time (in) doing, have problems/difficulties (in) doing 等。 to doing 结构有 be/get used
9、to doing, look forward to doing, pay attention to doing, prefer doing to doing 等。 2 2有些动词既可接不定式也可接动名词，但表达的意义不同。 3 stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事 doing sth.停止做某事 ) forget to do sth.忘记做某事 doing sth.忘记做过某事) remember to do sth.记得去做某事 doing sth.记得做过某事) try to do sth.尽力去做某事 doing sth.尝试做某事) (一)单项选择 1 1(20182018
10、湖北襄阳中考)The traffic is terribly busy in the morning. Youd better avoid in the center of the city. Adrive BdrivingCto drive Ddriven 2 2(20182018江苏南京中考)Some people enjoy out their messages in bottles when they travel on the sea. Ato send BsendCsending Dsent (二)单词拼写与运用 (20182018江苏盐城中考)All of us should l
11、ook straight ahead and keep (run) 考点三考点三 现在分词现在分词 现在分词由“动词原形ing”构成，表示主动、进行意义，具有形容词的作用，可在句中作表语、定 语、宾语、补足语、状语等。 The crying girl cant find her mother.那个正在哭的女孩找不到她妈妈了。(定语) The story is interesting.这个故事很有趣。(表语) I saw him studying in the classroom.我看到他正在教室里学习。(宾语补足语) Studying hard, you will pass the exam.
12、只要你努力学习，就会通过考试。(状语) 考点四考点四 过去分词过去分词 由“动词原形ed”构成，表示被动、完成意义，在句中作表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语等。 She is very tired.她很疲劳。(表语) The boy wore a pair of faded jeans.那个男孩穿了一条褪色的牛仔裤。(定语) She found the village greatly changed.她发现这个村庄变化很大。(宾语补足语) 单词拼写与运用 4 (20182018江苏宿迁中考)Our earth is becoming more and more (pollute) because of the rapid increase in population. 5 参考答案 考点一 13 CAC 考点二 (一)12 BC (二)running 考点四 polluted
