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1、1 五四语法十一五四语法十一 动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态 语法考点剖析 中考需要掌握的时态和语态分别是：一般现在时及其被动语态、一般过去时及其被动语态、一般将来时 及其被动语态、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、含情态动词的被动语态。 考点一考点一 动词的时态动词的时态 1 1一般现在时。 表示经常性、习惯性的动作，常与 often, usually, always 等时间状语连用，表示客观真理。 She often works at the weekend.她经常在周末工作。 There are four seasons in a year.一年有四季。 2 2一般过去时。 表示过去
2、发生的动作；be 动词的一般过去时为 was, were，实义动词的一般过去时为动词的过去式。常 与 just now, yesterday, last week, ago 等表示过去时间的状语连用。 Who did you see at the meeting yesterday？昨天的会议上你看见了谁？ 3 3一般将来时。 由“shall/will动词原形”构成，shall 用于第一人称，will 用于各种人称；此外还有“be going to动词原形”的形式。常与 tomorrow, next week 等表示将来的时间状语连用。 I am going to stay for a wee
3、k.我打算待一个星期。 Look at the dark clouds. It is going to rain.看那乌云，要下雨了。 be going to do 表示将来是指事先经过考虑的打算或有迹象表明要发生某事。 4 4现在进行时。 由“am/is/are现在分词”构成，表示现在正在发生的事情或近期一直在做的事情。句中常有 now, look, listen 等标志词。 Look! A bird is flying in the sky.看！一只鸟在天上飞。 She is teaching at a night school now.现在她在一所夜校教学。 5 5过去进行时。 由“wa
4、s/were现在分词”构成，表示过去某一时间正在发生的事情或过去某段时间一直在做的事情。 常与 this time yesterday, “when过去动作”等时间状语连用。 She was watching TV at this time yesterday.昨天这个时候她正在看电视。 They were waiting for you last night.昨晚他们一直在等你。 6 6现在完成时。 2 由“have/has过去分词”构成，表示过去某时发生的动作一直延续到现在或过去的动作对现在有影响。 标志词有 since, for, already, yet, so far 等。 I ha
5、ve lived in London since 10 years ago.自从 10 年前我就一直在伦敦居住。 They have lost the match.他们已经输了比赛。 当句中有“How long.？/since./for.”等时间状语时，句中动词要用延续性动词。非延续性动词与 延续性动词的转换如下： buyhave borrowkeep leavebe away diebe dead becomebe come tobe in beginbe on stopbe over open/closebe open/closed leave地点be away from地点 joinbe
6、 in/a member of 单项选择 1 1(20182018山东莱芜中考)Could you help me clean the floor, Bob? Wait a moment. I for some information about the World Cup. Asearch B have searched Cam searching D was searching 2 2(20182018上海中考)Michael in a school in Yunnan from February to June next year. Ateach Btaught Cwill teach
7、Dwas teaching 3 3(20182018湖北黄冈中考)Your new watch is so nice! When did you buy it? In April. I it for two months. Ahave had Bhad Chave bought Dbought 考点二考点二 被动语态被动语态 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 1 1主动变被动结构图： 3 变换步骤 主动结构宾语变为主语 将谓语动词改为be过去分词 将主动结构的主语改为by短语，放在谓语动词后) 及物动词有被动语态，不及物动词必须带有介词才可以有被动语态。 2 2各种时态的被动语态构成： 语态构
8、成例句 一般现在时的 被动语态 am/is/are过去分词 This machine is made in China. 这台机器是中国制造的。 一般过去时的 被动语态 were/was过去分词 Jim was told to come early. 吉姆被告知要早到。 一般将来时的 被动语态 will/shallbe过去分词 The bridge will be finished in a month.这座 桥将在一个月后竣工。 现在进行时的 被动语态 am/is/are being过去分词 The flowers are being watered by the workers.工人们正在
9、浇花。 现在完成时的 被动语态 have/has been过去分词 My car has been repaired for a week. 我的车修了有一个星期了。 过去进行时的被 动语态 was/were being过去分词 The trees were being cut down yesterday afternoon.昨天下午人们正在砍树。 过去完成时的被 动语态 had been过去分词 By the time we got there, the fire had been put out. 我们到时，火已经被扑灭了。 过去将来时的被 动语态 should/would be 过去分
10、词 They said the work would be finished on time.他们说将会按时完成工作。 4 情态动词的 被动语态 can/may/must/should 等be过 去分词 Your homework should be done on time.你应该 按时完成作业。 单项选择 1 1(20182018山东莱芜中考)Laiwu has developed a lot in the last few years. Yes. And the highspeed rail in 2020. Acompletes Bis completed Cwill be completed Dwill complete 2 2(20182018吉林长春中考)We Chinese by the touching documentary Amazing China. Aencourage Bencourages Care encouraged Dare encouraging 5 参考答案 考点一 13 CCA 考点二 12 CC
