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1、五四语法十 非谓语动词语法考点剖析考点一 动词不定式动词不定式的基本形式是“to动词原形”，否定形式是在不定式前加not，具有动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语，但没有人称与数量的变化，在句中也不能作谓语，动词不定式及其宾语和状语构成不定式短语。1动词不定式作主语。动词不定式作主语时，可以用动名词替换且常用it作形式主语，把不定式后置，常构成“Itbeadj.(for sb.)动词不定式”。Its important (for us) to protect the environment.(对我们来说)保护环境很重要。2动词不定式作表语。My job is to teach English.我
2、的工作是教英语。3动词不定式作宾语或宾语补足语。后接动词不定式作宾语的动词或短语有want, begin/start, love, forget, remember, teach, decide, agree, seem, would like, plan等。后接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有ask, tell, invite, allow, want, wish, encourage等。在使役动词make, let, have和感官动词see, feel, look, smell等的后面作宾语补足语时，不定式符号to要省略。help后的不定式可以带to也可以不带to。make sb. do
3、sth.的被动语态必须加to。感官动词之后，可以加do，表示动作经常发生；也可加doing，表示动作正在发生或动作的一次性。4动词不定式作定语。I have a lot of homework to do.我有许多家庭作业要做。不定式与所修饰的名词之间是动宾关系，如果不定式是不及物动词，它后面要有相关的介词。The cat is easy to take care of.这只猫很好照顾。5动词不定式作状语。Mrs. Wang went to Shanghai to see her daughter.王太太去上海看她女儿。(表目的)Were glad to meet you here.我们很高兴
4、在这儿见到你。(表原因)He is too tired to work on.他太累了而不能继续工作了。(表结果)6“疑问词不定式”结构。疑问词who, what, when, where, how, which等后接不定式，构成不定式短语，在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。The teacher is telling the students what to do.老师正告诉同学们做什么。He didnt know where to go/where he should go.他不知道去哪里。7动词不定式的特殊句型。单项选择1(2018上海中考)Mr. Zhou is good at cookin
5、g and he has decided his own restaurant.Aopen BopenedCto open Dopening2(2018四川成都中考改编)I got up early this morning my grandma at the airport.Ato pick up Bpicking upCpicked up Dpick up3(2018四川乐山中考改编)Julia, your mobile phone is ringing.Wait a minute. Its dangerous it while crossing the street.Aanswering
6、 BanswerCto answer Danswered考点二 动名词动名词由“动词原形ing”构成，与现在分词同形。动名词既有动词的性质(可有宾语和状语)，也有名词的性质，可作主语、宾语、表语或定语。1动名词常用结构：doing结构有keep doing, avoid doing, consider doing, enjoy doing, feel like doing, finish doing, mind doing, stop doing, practice doing, suggest doing, understand doing, be busy doing, be good a
7、t doing, be interested in doing, cant help doing, give up doing, make a living (by) doing, put off doing, there be sb. doing sth.等。haven.(in) doing结构有have fun (in) doing, have trouble (in) doing, have a hard time (in) doing, have problems/difficulties (in) doing等。to doing 结构有be/get used to doing, lo
8、ok forward to doing, pay attention to doing, prefer doing to doing等。2有些动词既可接不定式也可接动名词，但表达的意义不同。stopforgetremembertry(一)单项选择1(2018湖北襄阳中考)The traffic is terribly busy in the morning. Youd better avoid in the center of the city.Adrive BdrivingCto drive Ddriven2(2018江苏南京中考)Some people enjoy out their me
9、ssages in bottles when they travel on the sea.Ato send BsendCsending Dsent(二)单词拼写与运用(2018江苏盐城中考)All of us should look straight ahead and keep (run)考点三 现在分词现在分词由“动词原形ing”构成，表示主动、进行意义，具有形容词的作用，可在句中作表语、定语、宾语、补足语、状语等。The crying girl cant find her mother.那个正在哭的女孩找不到她妈妈了。(定语)The story is interesting.这个故事很
10、有趣。(表语)I saw him studying in the classroom.我看到他正在教室里学习。(宾语补足语)Studying hard, you will pass the exam.只要你努力学习，就会通过考试。(状语)考点四 过去分词由“动词原形ed”构成，表示被动、完成意义，在句中作表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语等。She is very tired.她很疲劳。(表语)The boy wore a pair of faded jeans.那个男孩穿了一条褪色的牛仔裤。(定语)She found the village greatly changed.她发现这个村庄变化很大。(宾语补足语)单词拼写与运用(2018江苏宿迁中考)Our earth is becoming more and more (pollute) because of the rapid increase in population.参考答案考点一13 CAC考点二(一)12 BC(二)running考点四polluted5
