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1、,Grammar,专题十一 介词和介词短语,PART 1,高频考点清单,PART 2,重温高考真题,PART 3,热考点集训,PART 1,高频考点清单,介词和介词短语的核心考点,介词是虚词，不能单独作句子成分，必须与名词、代词(或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句等)构成介词短语，在句中充当一个成分。介词分为：简单介词，如at，in，for等；合成介词，如within，inside，onto，throughout等；短语介词，如according to，out of，because of，by means of，in spite of，instead of等；双重介词，如from behind
2、/above/under，until after等；分词介词，如considering，including，judging (from/by) 等。 1.介词搭配 (1)“动词介词”搭配：注意特定搭配与同一介词与多个动词搭配意义不同的情况。,rob sb. of sth. /clear the road of snow(表示“夺去、除去”意义的动词与of 连用) supply us with food/fill the glass with wine(表示“供给”意义的动词与with连用) make a desk of wood/make bread from flour/make the m
3、aterial into a coat(表示“制作、制造”意义的动词与of，from，into连用) 介词the部位与动词的关系(动词sb. s部位，可换用) strike him on the head(表示“击；拍；碰；摸”意义的动词与on连用) catch him by the arm(表示“抓；拉；拿；扯”意义的动词与by连用) hit the boy in the face(表示“肚；胸；眼；脸”等人体前部的器官名词与in连用),prevent(stop，keep)sb. from doing sth. (表示“阻止，禁止”意义的动词与from连用) persuade(advise，
4、warn)sb. into doing sth. (表示“说服；建议；警告”意义的动词与into连用) buy(leave，get，win，gain，lose) sth. for sb. (表示“得失”意义的动词与for连用) tell(show，teach，sing，write，read) sth. to sb. (表示“告知”意义的动词与to连用) give(allow，promise，pass，hand) sth. to sb. (表示“授予”意义的动词与to连用),注意：可换成buy sb. sth. ，tell sb. sth. ，give sb. sth. 双宾结构。 say to
5、 sb. (suggest，explain，apologize，murmur，whisper等与“对象”连用必须用to)不可说suggest sb. sth. 。 (2)同一介词与不同动词搭配，意义各异。 reply to the letter回信，sing(dance) to the music和唱(跳)，amount to 达到，加起来有，devote to把贡献给，drink to为干杯，object to反对，look forward to 渴望，come to苏醒，belong to属于，search for搜，ask for请求，use.for用作，leave for前往，take
6、.for误以为，call for要求，wait for等待，care for喜欢，make up for弥补损失，turn to求助/救于，help oneself to随意，agree to同意，compare.to把比作，send for派人去请/拿，sail for驶向，起航，set out for动身去，go in for爱好,(3)常见“形容词介词”搭配。 be worthy of值得的，glad about sth. for sb. 为某人某事高兴，far from离远，grateful to sb. for sth. 为某事感激某人，free from没有/免除，proud of
7、/take pride in自豪，satisfied with/by满意，sure of/about确信，fond of喜欢，fit for适合，busy with sth. /in doing sth. 忙着干某事，full of充满，ready for准备，similar to相似，wrong with不对；有毛病,(4)“名词介词”习惯搭配和意义区分。,the absence of water缺水 the hope of success成功的希望 have a chance of/for entering college上大学的机会,take pride in them为他们感到骄傲 t
8、he key to the question问题的答案 a medicine for cough治咳嗽的药 the ticket for tomorrow明天的票,his absence,in Beijing他去了北京 from Beijing他不在北京,to study学习方法 of studying maths学习数学的方法,the way,题组训练1 用适当的介词填空 1.Our opinions on language learning differ greatly each others in that respect. 2.Our teacher often asks us to
9、retell stories our own words. 3.Ive promised to keep it secret，so I cant really tell you anything _ what you know already. 4. time passing by，they have grown into big boys and big girls. 5.What was the cause the fire?,from,in,查看答案,beyond,With,of,2.核心介词用法归纳与辨析 (1)表示时间的介词in的用法如下。 表示在某一较长时间内，如世纪、年、季、月、
10、周等，一般用介词in，如：in the 1990s，in the year，in January，in (the) winter/summer/fall/spring，in the first week of May。 还可以用时段名词组成固定短语或词组。如：in a while，in no time，in the daytime，in a short while，in time，in the morning(afternoon，evening)。 注意：at night/at noon，in the day(在白天)，in the night(在夜间)。 in five days(weeks
11、，months，years)中in意思是“在以后”。,(2)在具体的某一天或某天上午、晚上、前夕，常用on。 on Sunday(s)，on Tuesday morning on Christmas Day(但at Christmas)，on Christmas Eve，on Childrens Day on March 8，on the morning(afternoon，evening)of Oct.1 early on the morning of Oct.1(区别：in the late/early morning of Oct.1) on a rainy night，on warm
12、winter days (3)表示某一时刻或某一点时间用at，如小时、分钟等。 at breakfast(supper，lunch)，at six at noon(sunrise，sunset，midday，night，midnight，dawn) at the age of 15，at the time of war(但in time of danger/trouble),注意：有些时间名词前不接介词。 next day，last Sunday，that morning，these years one，each，any，every，some，all修饰时，一般不用介词，如some day，o
13、ne day，all afternoon。,(4)till，until的用法。 till(until)与持续动词连用一般用于肯定句中，与短暂动词连用一般用在否定句中。 He waited for me till twelve oclock. He didnt get up till(until) 10 a.m.(不可用to). 注意：在句首出现或强调句型中一般不用till而用until。 Not until 9 a.m.did Mr.Smith come back to school.,(5)in，later，after in一段时间：表示说话时为起点一段时间之后，与一般将来时连用；但表示“在
14、之内”时，用于各种时态。 一段时间later(later是副词)：表示某一具体时间或某一方面具体时间算起的一段时间后。 after一段时间：表示“在之后”，用于一般过去时；但时间为点时间时，只能用after，即after点时间，用于各种时态。 The doctor will be with us in six minutes. She graduated in 1981，and eight years later she became the manager of the factory.,He received her letter after four weeks. 另外，in一段时间st
15、ime与within一段时间的用法如下： in a weeks timein a week They will arrive in three days time.(与将来时连用) My brothers birthday is in two weeks time.(作表语) Ill finish the book within two weeks.(withinin less than.用于各种时态，意为“不超出，在之内”) (6)地点介词at，on，in，to，off，across，through，over，above，under，below。,at 在较小的场所；in在较大的场所；on在
16、的平面上。如at the door，at the airport，at the station，at 55 Park Street，in China，in the north，in Asia，on the desk，on the wall等。 on，at，in，off还可以表示两地的相对位置。若A地属于B地，用in；A地位于B地的外面且有边缘衔接，用on；无边缘的衔接，用to；A在B附近，用off。 Japan lies to the east of China.(范围之外) Taiwan lies in the southeast of China.(范围之内) Hunan Province lies on the west of Hubei Province.(毗邻) The island lies off the coast of C
