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1、Reading,Step Three 分类训练，赢得高分,第12讲 读写类作文,解题指导 1.审题，明确题目要求。 通过审题明确文章主题、写作内容、主要时态和主体人称等问题。其中主体人称，就是要确定以第几人称进行写作。 2.阅读，抓住内容要点。 阅读短文，找出文章的内容要点。 (1)议论文：找出论点、论据和结论。其关键是找出主题句或结论句。若文中有一分为二的观点，两种观点都要概括，不要漏掉其中一方的观点。 (2)记叙文：找出时间(when)，地点(where)，什么人(who)，做了什么事(what)，结果怎么样(how)等五要素。其中，最重要的要点是某人(who)做了何事(what)。若是夹
2、叙夹议类的文章，还要加上作者的看法、观点、经验或感悟。,(3)说明文和新闻报道：通常会有中心句(多在首段)，写作时要注意要找出中心句，抓住关键词。对现象分析型说明文，要找出“现象”“造成这种现象的原因”“解决这种现象或问题的措施或建议”。 (4)发言稿：通常会很明确地表明观点或态度，写概要时要从发言者的言语中明确作者的态度，把握作者的写作目的。或先概括每段大意，进而归纳全文主旨。 3.概括，转述作者的观点。 在找出文章的内容要点后，就要用自己的话转述原文内容要点。要注意在用词或句式上做到同义替换，避免抄袭之嫌。 4.过渡，引出自己的观点。 写了摘要后，用句过渡的话，再引出自己的观点(赞成或反对
3、)或引出类似的故事。,5.例证，论证自己的观点。 议论文在提出自己的观点后，就用具体的事例来论证自己的观点。 记叙文编写与阅读文章主题相同但情节不同的故事(亲身经历或虚构)。 6.结论，注意前后呼应。 7.润色，使其锦上添花。 一查人称是否符合要求；二查语法方面的问题，包括用词、时态等方面的错误等，确保“语言规范”；三查逻辑关系，看前后观点是否一致；四查是否使用一些较为高级的句型，如非谓语动词结构、with复合结构、定语从句、倒装句型等。,实战演练 (一) (2018江苏) 请阅读下面短文，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。,写作内容 1.用约30个词概括上述利用排名(ratings)
4、进行消费的现象； 2.谈谈你如何看待消费排名，然后用23个理由或论据支撑你的看法。 写作要求 1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句； 2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称； 3.不必写标题。 评分标准 内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。,参考范文,参考范文1 As a major channel of consumption information，the rating is an efficient source of information for shopping in our own consumption.Interestingly，the same rating may hav
5、e different influences on different consumers. I tend to consult consumption ratings whatever I purchase.Firstly，the higher rating means the higher quality of the product，or better service.Based on the ratings，I bought my beloved backpack，saw interesting films and tasted delicious foods. Secondly，ra
6、tings can save time to make decisions in shopping.For example，there are huge numbers of reference books which I am often confused to choose from.In that case，it is both convenient and economical to buy books according to the ratings.,There is no doubt that it is unwise to depend completely on the ra
7、tings in consumption.The advantages and disadvantages of ratings are often closely related.It is necessary to hold an objective attitude towards ratings.,参考范文2 Nowadays，most commodities or services are rated through certain channels.These ratings，easy to access，are playing an increasingly important
8、role in customers purchase decision.However，results are sometimes unsatisfactory. There is no denying that such ratings might bring convenience to consumers，but they are often misleading and unreliable.As we all know，most of the ratings are based on others judgment on the product or service concerne
9、d.Every judgment comes from a specific need or a unique psychological state.Apparently，blindly following others advice will affect our own judgment.,Another fact should not be neglected that some of the ratings are the outcome of a careful manipulation of companies or sellers.It has become a common
10、practice for some to pay for good ratings on their products or services so as to increase their sales. Therefore，we should give a second thought to these ratings whenever we go shopping.,(二) 请阅读下面短文，并按要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。 A national vision report said around 500 million Chinesenearly half the populati
11、on above five years oldsuffered visual impairment(损伤)，450 million were nearsighted，and rates were rising.Another survey showed that about 45 per cent of the students free time was occupied with homework and video games.Reading for long periods and staring at computer screens without rest are general
12、ly thought to harm the eyes.,“I began to wear glasses when I was 11 years old.I spend almost all my time taking lessons，doing homework and playing online games.And last Friday my parents went to visit my grandmother and didnt come back home that night，so I played games until dawn，” said Cheng Qi，a j
13、unior school student. As a response to rising levels of nearsightedness among children，the Chinese government recently has announced plans to control video gaming. Regulators are directed to limit the number of new online games，restrict playing time and develop an age-restriction system in the indus
14、try，according to a statement posted on the Ministry of Education website late on Thursday.,写作内容 1.用约30个单词概括上述材料的主要内容； 2.用约120个单词谈谈你对“青少年近视”的看法，内容包括： (1)造成青少年近视的原因(至少两条)； (2)简要说明青少年应该如何保护眼睛。 写作要求 1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句； 2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称； 3.不必写标题。 评分标准 内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。,参考范文,参考范文 The increasingly seri
15、ous problem that more and more teenagers are becoming nearsighted has aroused the authorities attention and made them adopt effective measures to protect them against being visually impaired. I think the reasons behind teenagers nearsightedness are various. Teenagers are under a heavy study load，whi
16、ch forces them to overuse their eyes and have little time to take outdoor activities and exercise.Besides，the spread of mobile phones and other electronic devices plays an important role. Most teenagers spend too much time playing video games，and their staring at the screen for hours poses a great threat to their vision.,Therefore，its urgent for us teenagers to protect our eyes.First of all，we should keep our eyes relaxed during or after the study activiti
