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1、专题五 定语从句定语从句的核心考点1.功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语。2.位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后。Those who are for the plan raise your hands，please.3.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词。先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如：some-，any-，every-和no-与-body，-thing的合成词；或all，none，any，some，that，those等代词。数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样可作先行词。4.关系词：连接先行词与从句的词叫关系词。关系代词：who，whom，which，that，whose，as等
2、关系副词：when，where，why等5.确定关系词的步骤：(1)先找先行词，看先行词指的是什么。(2)看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。注意：先行词与关系词是等量关系。(1)先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。This is the place which is worth visiting.(2)关系词在从句句子中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。There are many places we can visit (them) in China.6.在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which：(1)当先行词是序数
3、词或形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。(2)先行词被all，every，no，some，any，little，much，the only，the very，few等修饰时。(3)先行词为all，much，little，none，few，something，anything等不定代词时。(4)先行词中既有人又有物时。He was looking pleasantly at the children and parcels that filled his bus.(5)先行词在主句中作表语时。The village is no longer the one that was 5 year
4、s ago.(6)当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。Which are the books that you bought for me?7.宜用which而不用that的情况：(1)在非限制性定语从句中。(2)在关系词前有介词时。(3)当先行词本身是that时。(4)关系词后有插入语时。8.关系词who与that指人时，也有不同情况分别用不同的关系词。(1)当主句是there be句型时，关系词用who。(2)先行词是anyone，those，someone，everyone，one等词时，关系词用who。(3)当主句是who作疑问词时，关系词用that。Who is that gir
5、l that is standing by the window?(4)whom在从句中只作宾语，可被who取代。9.whose作关系词既指人又指物，在从句中作定语。Do you know Mr.Smith whose story is very moving?There is a room，whose window faces the river.10.关系代词as在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。(1)先行词被such和the same修饰，或句型as many(much)中，从句都用as 引导。Such books as you bought are useful.The school is
6、just the same as it was 10 years ago.注意：such.that.引导结果状语从句。如：They are such lovely children that we love them much。the same.that.引导定语从句。如：I want to use the same tool that you used just now.(2)先行词为句子的定语从句用as和which引导。区别：意义上：as 含有“这点正如一样”。位置上：as 从句可置句首，也可在另处。He didnt pass the exam，as we had expected.The
7、re is lots of air in loose snow，which can keep the cold out.As is known，the earth is round.题组训练1用适当的关系代词填空1.The prize will go to the writer whose story shows the most imagination.2.Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt，which is a stupid thing to do in such weather.3.I have
8、three foreign teachers，two of whom are from Canada.4.She showed the visitors around the museum，the construction of which had taken more than three years.5.This is the only way that we can find at present.6.The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop.11.关系副词when与where，why，thatwhen 指时间in/
9、at/on/during whichwhere指地点in/at/from whichwhy指原因for whichthat可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词之后，取代when，where，why和“介词which”引导的定语从句，修饰的先行词常为the way，the time，the day，the place等，在口语中that常被省略。I dont like the way (that/in which) he talks.The day (that/when/on which) she arrived was Thursday.题组训练2用适当的关系副词填空1.Between t
10、he two parts of the concert is an interval，when the audience can buy ice-cream.2.Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator，where it will keep for two or three weeks.3.Can you work out a way(that/inwhich)we can solve this problem?4.The days are gone when physical strength was all you nee
11、ded to make a living.5.I didnt know the reason (why) he came late.12.必须注意的问题：(1)关系词作主语时，从句中谓语的数。(2)注意区别定语从句与强调句。定语从句中关系词作从句成分，复合句。强调句中it无意义，that/who不是引导词。去掉it is/was和that/who后，如果句子意思讲得通则是强调句，讲不通则不是。It is the museum that/which we visited last year.(定语从句)It was in the hotel that we stayed last night.(
12、强调句)(3)定语从句与同位语从句的区别。定语从句的引导词被称为关系词，that充当主语、宾语、表语，有时可省略。同位语从句的引导词被叫作连接词，that不充当任何成分，不可省。Word came that their army was defeated.(同位语从句)We expressed to them our wish that was the same as theirs.(定语从句)(4)关系词在从句中省略的情况。关系词作宾语，前无介词时。关系词作表语。(5)关系词前有介词或复杂介词，关系词只能是which和whom。(6)几个特殊的定语从句句型：He is the only on
13、e of the students who has got very good marks in the match.(句中one为先行词)He is one of the students who have got good marks in the match.(句中students为先行词)Is this place the one (that) we visited yesterday?Is this the place (that/which) we visited yesterday?He stood at the window，from where he could see wh
14、at was happening.It may rain，in which case the match will be put off.1.Self-driving is an area China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.(2018江苏，23)A.that B.whereC.which D.when答案B解析句意为：自动驾驶是一个中国和世界上其他国家处在同一起跑线的领域。分析句子结构可知，area作定语从句的先行词，从句中缺少地点状语，要用where引导。that和which为关系代词，在定语从句中作主
15、语、宾语或表语；when是关系副词，在定语从句中作时间状语。2.She and her family bicycle to work， helps them keep fit.(2018北京，5)A.which B.who C.as D.that答案A解析此处应该选A项，which引导非限制性定语从句，指代逗号前面整个主句的内容(她和家人骑自行车上班这件事)，which在从句中作主语。用who引导定语从句时，先行词应该指人；as引导非限制性定语从句时，常位于句首且结构相对固定；that不能引导非限制性定语从句。3.Kate， sister I shared a room with when we were at college，has gone to work in Australia.(2018天津，2)A.whom B.thatC.whose D.her答案C解析句意为：凯特，在大学时我与她的姐姐同住一个房间，已经去澳大利亚工作了。Kate与sister是所属关系，应用whose引导定语从句。4.My eldest son， work ta
