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1、精锐教育学科教师辅导讲义讲义编号_ 学员编号： 年 级： 初二 课时数：学员姓名： 辅导科目： 英语 学科教师： 课 题主谓一致授课时间：备课时间： 教学目标1掌握主谓一致的原则。2掌握主谓一致应注意的几个问题。教学内容一 知识梳理1语法形式上的一致。主语为单数形式， 谓语动词用单数形式：主语为复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。2.意义上一致。(1)主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。单数形式表示复数意义的词有people, police, audience等。(2)主语形式为复数而意义上却是单数或不可数，谓语动词用单数。形复意单(不可数)的词有：news, maths, physic
2、s等。3.就近原则谓语动词的单、复数取决于最靠近它的主语，如there be句型或用连词either.or.，neither.nor.,not only.but also等。4.要注意的几个问题。(1)class, family, team, country, school等集合名词作主语时，如果指整体，用单数；如果指每个成员，用复数。如:His family are watching TV in the sitting room.His family is very big.(2)trousers, shoes, glasses, socks, stockings, scissors单独作主
3、语时，谓语动词用复数，但当它们与a pair of或pairs of连用时，谓语动词与pair的数保持一致。如：The pair of glasses fits you well.Several pairs of new shoes have been sent to the old men. (3)名词性物主代词后的动词单复数，取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。如：ours (=Our Party) is a great party.Your shoes are black, mine (=my shoes) are brown. 5.当主语后面跟有with, together with, l
4、ike, but, except, besides, as well as等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数按主语单、复数而定。如：Mr Green together with his children goes to the park every Sunday. 6.the+adj表示一类人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：The old are going to be looked after well. 7.and连接并列主语、谓语动词通常用复数，但如果指同个人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数，这时and后面的名词无冠词。如：A speaker and writer is comin
5、g tomorrow.(同一个人)A speaker and a writer are coming tomorrow.(两个人) 8.Every A and every B/Each A and each B/No A and no B作主语时，谓语动词用单数，其中A、B代表单数名词。9.The number of+.，谓语动词用单数。A number of+.，谓语动词用复数，相当于a lot of。如：The number of the students in our class is 50.A number of students are learning Japanese now.1
6、0.在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致Behind the house are some trees.11.表示数量的one and a half后，名词要用复数形式，但是其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：One and a half bananas is left on the table.12.几分之几/half of/part of/the rest of+n/pron.作主语，谓语动词由后面的n/pron决定。而one of+n/pron作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：Two thirds of the bread was eaten. 13.名词所有格之后的名词被
7、省略的情况一般只指商店、工场、住宅等，作主语时，动词一般用单数。如：The doctors is on the other side of the street.14.表示“一段时间”“一段距离”“一些钱”的名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。如：Six miles is too far for an old man to walk.15.关系代词who, that, which在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数与先行词一致。如：Those who want to go have signed their names here.16.疑问代词who, what, which作主语时，谓语动词根
8、据说话人所表达的意思决定单复数。如：Who live next door? Its Zhang and Liu./Who lives next door? Its Liu.典型例题解析例1 The rich _ not always happy.A. are B. is C. has D. have解析the + adj.表示一类人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数，故选A。例2 The Olympic Games _ held every_ years.A. is，four B. are，four C. is，five D. are，five解析 每四年一次的奥林匹克往往看作复数。故选B。例3 No
9、 one but her classmates _it.A. know B. knows C. is knowing D. are knowing解析 当主语后跟有but引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单复数按but前面部分的单复数而定。故选B。例4 解析表示一些钱的名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数，故选D。例5 No bird and no beast _ on the lonely island.A. are seen B. is seen C. see D. sees 解析 No.and no.作主语时，谓语动词用单数。故选B。选讲例题例6 Look, here come some _.A.
10、dog B. horse C. deer D. cow解析 some后的复数名词只有deer,故选C。例7 The number of students of this school _ large.A. are B. have not C. isnt D. arent 解析 The number of+.，作主语时，谓语动词用单数，故选C。谨防三大误区误区一 误认主语1. 倒装句Between the two buildings are a big tree. （）Between the two buildings is a big tree. （）解析 第句谓语动词使用are，错误地认为t
11、he two buildings是该句的主语，但实际上是介词between的宾语，一起构成介词短语，而介词短语不能充当主语。该句是一个倒装句，真正主语是a big tree.因此第句正确。特别提醒 倒装句的常见结构：副词/介词短语+谓语+主语2. 主语之后带有介词短语The fruit like apples ， oranges are good for our health. （）The fruit like apples ， oranges is good for our health. （）解析 第句误认为apples ， oranges是主语，因此谓语动词用are，而实际上the fr
12、uit才是该句的主语，like apples ， oranges是介词短语作后置定语修饰the fruit.该句译为“像苹果、桔子之类的水果对我们的身体是有好处的”。因此第句是正确的。特别提醒 类似的结构有：主语+with / like / except / but / together with / as well as . . . ，谓语动词应与主语一致，而与介词短语之后的名词无关。3. one of . . . + 名词复数或复数代词There are twenty boys in our class. One of the boys are from Canada. （）There a
13、re twenty boys in our class. One of the boys is from Canada. （）解析 one of the boys的中心词是one，因此谓语动词用单数，造成第句错误的原因主要是把the boys当成了该句的主语。4. 定语从句I like the photos which was taken in Beijing. （）I like the photos which were taken in Beijing. （）解析 which were taken in Beijing是一个定语从句，用于修饰先行词the photos，而which本身就代
14、替先行词the photos.因此谓语动词要用复数，造成第句错误的原因是没有弄清楚关系词which的实质，只是从形式上看它是单数。特别提醒 定语从句中的谓语动词应该与先行词保持一致。误区二 被主语的表象迷惑1. 看似复数却表单数概念Maths are my favourite subject. （）Maths is my favourite subject. （）解析 maths本身是一个以“s”结尾的单词，而不是一个复数名词，表示单数概念“数学”这一学科，因此第句正确。类似的有：physics ， news ， politics . . .2. 看似单数却表复数概念The police is searching for the robbers. （）The police are searching for the robbers. （）解析 the police译为“警方”，表示复数概念，而不是表示“那个警察”，因此第句正确，类似的词有：people ， the + 形容词，the + 姓 + family等均表复数概念。3. 名词的单复数同形There are a little sheep eating grass on the hill. Can you see it？ （）There is a little sheep eating grass on th
