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1、 短文改错4步曲再看句法技法一 明确定语从句类型，关系词要分清(一)确定先行词人或物，辨别关系词成分1(2018全国卷)They also had a small pond which they raised fish. 解析：whichwhere或which前加in本句是含有定语从句的复合句，先行词是pond，引导词在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导，相当于in which，故which改为where或在其前加in。2. (2017全国卷)Around me in the picture are the things they were very important in my
2、 life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments. 解析：theythat/which分析句子结构可知， the things是先行词，其后是定语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，故引导词应用that或which。3(2016四川高考)The dishes what I cooked were Moms favorite. 解析：whatthat/which或去掉what先行词为The dishes，且定语从句中cooked后缺少宾语，故应用that或which引导定语从句，因其在从句中作宾语，也可省略关系代词。4(2018陕西西安八校
3、联考)I am a 25yearold young man which graduated from the Foreign Languages Department of Jilin University. 解析：whichwho/that本句中含有定语从句，先行词为man，指人，且在从句中作主语，应用who或that引导。5There are many people think that wealth is better than health. 解析：think前加who或thinkthinking分析句子结构可知，people后为定语从句，先行词为many people，故用who引导
4、该定语从句；因many people和think之间是主谓关系，也可以用现在分词thinking作many people的后置定语。6(2018湖北武汉高三调考)At noon, we play Room Escape, an interesting game what challenged our IQ and teamwork. 解析：whatthat/which此定语从句中先行词是game，引导词代替先行词并在句中作主语，故用that或which。7He thanked me and jumped quickly in his car and drove off, keeping the
5、 disabled parking space free for someone needed it. 解析：someone后加whosomeone后的部分为定语从句，修饰someone，指人，应用who引导定语从句，在从句中作主语。8(2018吉林省吉大附中模拟)From this experience I have learnt that questioning can serve as a bridge helps us to seek the truth. 解析：bridge后加that/which分析句子结构可知，本句主语为I，谓语为have learnt，that引导宾语从句，作l
6、earnt的宾语，can serve为宾语从句的谓语，与helps之间无连词连接，由此可判断，bridge后为定语从句，先行词为bridge，指物，在从句中作主语，故用that或which引导该从句。(二)搞清限制与非限制9(2017全国卷)In their spare time, they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house. 解析：thatwhich分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，指代their garden，
7、应用which。10Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, that might not be served until 8 oclock at night. 解析：thatwhichthat不能引导非限制性定语从句。引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语应用which。11This woman has set a good example to her son, whom is a really lucky guy. 解析：whomwho分析句子结构可知，逗号后为非限制性定语从句，
8、先行词为her son，关系代词在从句中作主语，故用who。12One day, Margaret told me her grandma was coming and her parents would want my basement room back, what didnt surprise me. 解析：whatwhich分析句子结构可知，应用which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整句话的内容，且在从句中作主语。13Altogether I had five roommates, two of which arrived later. 解析：whichwhom分析句子结构可知，应用
9、whom引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作介词of的宾语，修饰先行词five roommates。14(2018江西五校第一次联考)Above all, they hosted an American student last year, through that they gained lots of experience. 解析：thatwhich在定语从句中，介词后跟关系代词which/whom。结合语境可知，关系词表示前面整件事，故将that改为which。15(2018湖北八校第一次联考)Finally, it is necessary for us to do some housew
10、ork, that can help our parents a lot. 解析：thatwhich分析句子结构可知，housework后的句子为非限制性定语从句，关系词指代主句的内容，且在从句中作主语，故用which引导该定语从句。技法二 明确名词性从句类型，句子成分要对应1.(2016全国卷)My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live. 解析：thatwhereclose to后接宾语从句， I live缺少地点状语，故用where引导宾语从句。2(2016全国卷)My classmates and I are ta
11、lking about how to do during the holiday. 解析：howwhat分析句子结构可知，talking about后为“特殊疑问词动词不定式”的结构作宾语，且从句中的do后缺宾语，故应用连接代词what作动词do的宾语。3(2015全国卷)After looking at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing. 解析：wherethat或去掉wherefound后是一个宾语从句，在从句his parents were missing中不缺
12、成分且意思完整，故用that引导，that也可省略。4I think that accepting failure is that we need to do first before we succeed eventually. 解析：第二个thatwhat分析句子结构可知，此处为表语从句，从句中缺少宾语，故将that改为what。that引导表语从句时，只起连接作用，在从句中不作任何成分。5(2018广西桂林百色模拟)Looking back on which Ive done will give me some ideas of how to rearrange my time. 解析：
13、whichwhat句意：回顾我所做的事情会让我知道如何重新安排我的时间。分析句子结构可知，on后为宾语从句，连接词既引导宾语从句，也作宾语从句中done的宾语，故用what引导该宾语从句。6(2018湖南长郡中学模拟)But they couldnt understand what she said.I went to the woman and asked her that was happening. 解析：thatwhat分析句子结构可知，that was happening是宾语从句，连接词在从句中作主语，故将that改为what。技法三 状语从句结构长，意思、逻辑要思量1.(2018
14、全国卷)The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life. 解析：wherewhen根据语境可知，父母是在我小时候教我玩纸牌的，I was a child表示的是时间而非地点，所以此处应用when引导时间状语从句。2(2016全国卷)My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to where I live.Though not very big, but the restaurant is popular in our area. 解析：去掉butthough不能和but连用，though引导的让步状语从句是一个省略句，不能再省略，故去掉but。3(2016全国卷)At last, I will be on my own, but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help. 解析：whenever后加I句意：最终，我还是会一个人，但我仍然想在我需要帮助的任何
