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1、 词义猜测题增分点(三)“根据上下文指代关系”猜测典例(2017全国卷阅读C节选).Despite the celebrations, though, in the US.the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.Its Jason Morans job to help change that.As the Kennedy Centers artistic adviser for jazz, Moran ho
2、pes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.29What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to?AJazz becoming more accessible.BThe production of jazz growing faster.CJazz being less popular with the young.DThe jazz audience bec
3、oming larger.解析选C根据选文第一段中的“.the music has failed to connect with younger generations”可知，爵士乐未能受到年轻人的欢迎。选文第二段首句提到杰森莫兰的工作就是要帮助改变这一现象，由此可知that指代“爵士乐不受年轻人欢迎”这一现象，故选C项。干扰项分析A项是杰森莫兰希望做到的事情，可排除；原文没有信息支撑B项，可排除；D项与原文的意思相反，可排除。增分技巧1“就近原则”判指代此类题目要求考生根据语境判断代词(this, that, it, they, them, one等)究竟指代什么。具体方法：(1)返回原文，
4、找出指代词(it, they, them, this .)。(2)向上(有时向下)搜索，找最近的名词、代词、短语或句子(就近原则)。(3)将找到的词、短语或句子代入替换该指代词，看其意思、逻辑关系是否通顺，并最终确定最佳答案。2“逻辑原则”找指代理清人物及事物间的逻辑关系是解答代词指代题的关键。考生可利用上下文语境，采用逻辑关系梳理法，使人物或事物的关系明朗化。要记住代词通常出现在原词之后，根据这条原则可快速排除选项中出现在代词之后的词汇，锁定答案，最后代入原句中进行验证。训练目标(一) 对点练攻克失分短板A(2017全国卷阅读B节选).We shared the belief that if
5、 youre fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back he with his Newmans Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival. Paul and I didnt see each other all that regularly, but sharing that brought us
6、together. We supported each other financially and by showing up at events.26What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to?ATheir belief.BTheir care for children.CTheir success.DTheir support for each other.解析：选A根据选段第一句“We shared the belief that if .”以及下面对belief的具体解释可知，画线处是指共同拥有这种“信念”使
7、“我们”两人更近了，that指代上文中的belief。B(2016全国卷阅读C节选).Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share. BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book. Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far
8、and wide with each new reader who finds it.30What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?AThe book. BAn adventure.CA public place. DThe identification number.解析：选A根据it所在的句子“the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it”可知，主人把书留在公共场所，希望这本书会跟找
9、到“它”的每个新读者一起旅行。由此可知，此处it指前面提到的“the book”。C(2016全国卷阅读B节选).Taxis on a rainy New York night are rarer than sunshine. By the time the group got up to leave, it was pouring outside. Weltys new friends immediately sent a waiter to find a cab. Heading back downtown toward her hotel, her bigcity friends wer
10、e amazed at the turn of events that had changed their Big Apple dinner into a Mississippi state reunion (团聚)“My friend said：Now we believe your stories，” Welty added. “And I said: Now you know. These are the people that make me write them.”.26The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 6 refers to Welty
11、s .Areaders BpartiesCfriends Dstories解析：选D根据画线词上文内容可知，朋友们相信韦尔蒂的故事是真实的，正是在现实生活中从这些陌生人的口中得到的信息才让她写出这些故事。由此可推出，them指代的应该是前面的stories。故选D。D(2016四川高考阅读C节选).His blackandwhite pictures present a world almost lost in time. These pictures show people seemingly pushed into a world that they were unprepared for
12、. These local citizens now have to balance their traditional selfsupporting hunting lifestyle with the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic, which brings with it not only necessary state welfare, but also alcoholism, betrayal and even suicide.31What does the underlined world “it” in the l
13、ast paragraph refer to?AThe modern French lifestyle.BThe selfsupporting hunting.CThe uncivilized world.DThe French Republic.解析：选A此处which brings with it .是which引导的非限制性定语从句。意为：伴随这种生活方式的不仅仅有必不可少的国家福利，还有酗酒、背叛，甚至自杀。可知此处it即指前面的“the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic”。训练目标(二) 综合练提高解题速度(加的题目可根据
14、上下文指代关系解题)AAsk anyone who lives in an apartment in a crowded city and theyll likely tell you space is their biggest problem.Those living in even smaller rooms know the headache well.Bostonbased startup Ori is out to solve it with a system that uses robotics and apartment furniture to change small sp
15、aces in seconds.The companys new system is also called Ori, which is named for the Japanese word “origami”， the art of folding paper.The new system makes your furniture change small space from living rooms into bedrooms and even workspaces with the push of a button.Ori comes from the Massachusetts Institute of Technologys Media Lab, which helps companies create a better future for people. Ori is working with developers Boston Properties, Skanska and Samuels Associates to install (安装) the furniture in highend apartments in
