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1、http:/ 留学生论文专业定制代写网站留学生Essay写作公众对全球变暖的态度“Critically review the insights of research into public attitudes and perceptions of global warming and their value for climate change communications”.Anthropogenic climate change is a global issue around the world,to the extent that a culture of consumptionin
2、duced from a carbon-based economyhas contributed towards an average increase in temperatures for both developed and underdeveloped countries(Schmidt et al.2013).The true scale of human influence on climate change has created different attitudes,perceptions and values towards the issue(Chakrabarty 20
3、17).At an international level,the main problem is trying to mitigate climate change,but discrepancies in public attitudes from countries(e.g.USA)will have a global impact on the level of adaptation and mitigation that can take place(Schmidt et al.2013).The media however,are sources of information fo
4、r climate change,and can help develop social representations that are communicated to an audience.Depending on how the information can be perceived or expressed,it can promote mitigation in a positive manner;but different types of media will not have the same effect(Schmidt et al.2013,Jaspal et al.2
5、014).Therefore,this essay will research into the insights of public attitudes from numerous different mediators,while assessing the impact on how climate change communications from the media can help mitigate the impacts that are created from climate change.Figure 1.0 The Information-motivation-beha
6、vioral skills model(IMB)is based on an individuals own behaviour and motivation(WHO 2003).With an information deficit(from the IDT),it prevents the individual from being motivated to change their behaivour.In relation to climate change,a lack of information will prevent a person from taking steps to
7、 reduce their impact,because they dont believe or are skeptic about the concept(Olson 2011).It is understood that how climate change is perceived is more likely to be considered in countries that are affected by the negative consequences(Schmidt et al.2013).These perceptions are dependent on a count
8、rys geographical location;for example,Australia is a developed country that is very exposed to impacts created by climate change(Chakrabarty 2017).However,despite the geographical location having an influence,scientists will still face challenges when trying to communicate the risks and consequences
9、 of climate change to a wider audience(Yale Forum 2014).The reason for this is that there is great uncertainty about the full complexities of the climate change concept,thus the audience that is being targeted needs to be educated more effectively(Yale Forum 2014,Kirilenko et al.2015).As a consequen
10、ce,knowledge that has been discussed from findings that have been ineffectively communicated to the public can be interpreted in different ways(Yale Forum 2014).This failure of communication results in part of the population rejecting or misunderstanding the scientific concept that is proposed,which
11、 is known as Information deficit theory(IDT)(Figure 1.0).(Yale Forum 2014,Olson 2011).When governments go to Global conferences(like the Paris 2015 agreement),they are not as equally as resourced with public discussions in their own nation due the degree of uncertainty(Chakrabarty 2017).The debates
12、remain primarily focused on the experience,values and desires of developed nations in relation to climate change,particularly with the USA.Addressing climate change in the USA is dependent on the mitigation and adaptation policies at all levels,whether this is at a local,state or a national scale(Ho
13、we et al.2015).The public perceptions and attitudes in the USA have large variations,with only 47%of the respondents from national surveys believing that climate change is human caused,which is reinforced by Figure 1.1(Howe et al.2015,Lee et al.2015).The American efforts to initiate climate change p
14、olicies at a national level have been weakened,due to the rise of the Tea Party Movement from 2009-2010 and the election of presidential electorate Donald Trump,allowing a new Republican majority in the US House of Representatives(Maibach 2012).The extreme weather events that act as an indicator for
15、 climate change are geographically detached from most Americans,which reinforces the skepticism of climate change for the majority of parties involved in its discussion(Weber and Stern 2011).Clearly,sociodemographic and ideological characteristics will also divide opinions and perceptions of how cli
16、mate change is perceived amongst the uncertainty(Smith and Leiserowitz 2013).In theory,when there are high levels of uncertainty around a subject,individuals will look towards other groups to understand the appropriate context of what is discussed(Spartz et al.2015).In order to understand complex scientific issues like Climate change,some Americans will rely more on the media to understand the norms and values of pro-environmental mitigation
