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1、http:/ 留学生论文专业定制代写网站留学生Essay写作儿童的韧性AbstractThere is a great deal of research into resilience in children,whether they are housed or homeless.However,there is less research about resilience in adults,whether they are housed or homeless.Childrens well-being,which includes their resilience,is directly
2、correlated with that of the adults in their families.Given this reality I decided to investigate if resilience reduces negative effects of homelessness in adults and in their transition after becoming housed.The information I find can be useful for those working with adults who are homeless and thos
3、e making the transition from being homeless to being housed.Literature reviewAccording to the Stuart B.McKinney Act,a person is considered homeless if he or she“lacks a fixed,regular,and adequate night-time residence and has a primary night time residence that is:1)supervised publicly or privately o
4、perated shelter designed to provide temporary living accommodations;2)an institution that provides a temporary residence for individuals intended to be institutionalized,including mental health facilities or hospitals;3)a public or private place not designed for or ordinarily used as a regular sleep
5、ing accommodation for human beings,which includes cars and parks.This definition does not include those imprisoned or otherwise detained pursuant to an act of Congress or a state law(NCH,Fact Sheet#3).Difficult childhoods(including sexual and/or physical abuse,addiction,mental illness,and so on)may
6、play a role in adult homelessness.More women report living with an abusive parent than men(Smith,et al,p.5).Battered women who live in poverty are often forced to choose between abusive relationships and homelessness(NCH,Fact Sheet#3).Approximately half of all women and children experiencing homeles
7、sness are fleeing domestic violence(NCH,Fact Sheet#3).Immigrants also cite language barriers(Smith et al,page 13).Many kinds of people become homeless,leading to a diverse homeless population(Tompsett,p 86).It is important to include the services that are most important for that particular group,esp
8、ecially in this time of limited funds for services(Tompsett,pp 87).Even though homelessness affects people in different ways,it can have a corrosive effect on peoples self-esteem and well-being;fifty-three percent of respondents say that being homeless destroyed their self-esteem and self-confidence
9、.Unlike gender,age,ethnicity and nationality made no difference in how people answered the questions(Smith et al,page 9).Thirty-nine percent of men and nine percent of women said that being homeless led to depression,mental health problems and anxiety(Smith,page 10).However,many women report being d
10、epressed and having a history of mental health problems prior to homelessness(Smith et al,page 10).Homelessness can damage:peoples capability through loss of skills;their inability to think about employment while worrying housing;their health becoming impaired while homeless;their resilience and sel
11、f-confidence,particularly mens(Smith,et al,page 9).This emphasizes the need to activities that help people build self-esteem and the social interactions helping them release their capabilities(Smith et al,page 10).The literature I found does not explain how these activities help in this way.Whether
12、or not people develop depression or resilience depends mostly on their feelings of powerlessness or capability and the belief that one is can plan and carry out plans to achieve their goals.In order to become resilient,they must feel they are able to do something about the situations and meet their
13、challenges.Depression can develop when someone doubts their ability to find a successful solution(Grotberg,page 66).Feelings of powerlessness can be changed to those of capability by teaching the five basic building blocks of resilience:trust,autonomy,initiative,industry,and identity(Grotberg,page 6
14、7).What is resilience?Resilience is the process of adapting well in the face of adversity,trauma,tragedy,threats,or significant sources of stress;it means bouncing back from difficult experiences(APA,p.2).Resilience is a persons ability to rely on their own core self-belief and stability,enabling hi
15、m or her to successfully resist harmful life events that would damage someone else(Smith et al,p.3).Reactions to stress are not isolated events;they are the consequences of what has occurred before.There is a dynamic interaction of patterns of coping responses,personality characteristics,social supp
16、ort(Tusaie and Dyer,p.6)Research shows that resilience is commonplace not extraordinary or exceptional.People commonly demonstrate resilience.Resilience involves behaviors,thoughts,and actions that can be learned and developed in anyone(APA,p.2).Resilience is a dynamic process whereby individuals can show great coping skills in the face of significant adversity.It is not one-dimensional but a sort of chain reaction that leads to r
