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1、非谓语动词是指在句中不能充当谓语，而是充当其它语法功能的动词。非谓语动词有三种：动词不定式，动名词和分词(包括现在分词和过去分词)。非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化，但是有语态和时态的变化。,Period Four Grammar,非谓语动词,一、非谓语动词的分类、意义及构成,二、非谓语动词作宾语,三、非谓语动词作定语,四、非谓语动词作宾补,五、非谓语动词作主语和作表语的比较,【翻译句子】 这些窗户需要修理了。 _ 保卫国家是每个人的义务。 _ 由于去过北京多次，他被要求做向导。 _ 这部电影很有趣，孩子们很感兴趣。 _ 听到这个消息，他禁不住笑了。 _,答案 These windows need
2、 to be repaired (repairing) To defend the country is the obligation of everyone. Having been to Beijing many times，he was asked to be the guide. This film is so interesting that children are interested in it. Hearing the news，he cant help laughing.,根据下列提示写一篇短文来介绍清明上河图(Along the River during Ching Mi
3、ng Festival)： 1作者：张择端(宋朝)； 2形式：手卷(hand scroll)； 3内容：宋代首都汴京(现开封)的人们的日常生活； 4主题：庆祝清明节，所有社会阶层(包括平民和富人)的不同生活； 5被各个时期的艺术家模仿。 注意：词数120150,作品描述,【写作分析】 第一步：认真审题 这种类型的作文实际上就是描述一幅作品，并加以适当品论。写作方法大致如下： 1认真读图，弄清大意：总体介绍该作品的历史地位以及作者、时间等； 2详细描写作品的具体内容，列出要点时要注意分清主次，不能看到图中有什么就认为什么要写，应充分展开想像使图画活起来，运用想象适度发挥，紧扣图画的内容，进行适当
4、叙述，连贯通顺即可； 3写作时常用一般时态、第三人称等； 4最后适当加以评价。,第二步：提炼要点 1be known as 2focuses on 3as well as 第三步：扩点成句 1Along the River during Ching Ming Festival，known in Chinese as Qing Ming Shang He Tu，is a masterpiece painted by Zhang Zeduan in the Song Dynasty. 2The theme focuses on the celebration of Ching Ming Festi
5、val (Qingming Festival),3As an artistic creation，the piece has been well preserved even over centuries，court artists of subsequent dynasties have reproduced several versions. 【品味佳作】 Along the River during Ching Ming Festival，known in Chinese as Qing Ming Shang He Tu，is a masterpiece painted by Zhang
6、 Zeduan in the Song Dynasty. The painting portrays the daily lives of people in Bianjing (todays Kaifeng)，the capital of the Song Dynasty.The theme focuses on the celebration of Ching,Ming Festival (Qingming Festival)The entire piece is painted in hand scroll format and the content reveals the lifes
7、tyle of people from all classes (including the poor and the rich) as well as different economic activities in rural areas and the city.It offers a glimpse of the costumes and architecture during the period.As an artistic creation，the piece has been well preserved even over centuries，court artists of
8、 subsequent dynasties have reproduced several versions.,【名师点津】 1这篇书面表达比较全面地概述了清明上河图的基本情况，作者充分把握住了这种文体的写作特点。 2本文主次分明，重点突出，运用了一些复杂句式结构和高级词汇。最后作者的评价使文章增色不少。 3亮点句式： Along the River during Ching Ming Festival，known in Chinese as Qing Ming Shang He Tu，is a masterpiece painted by Zhang Zeduan in the Song D
9、ynasty. The entire piece is painted in hand scroll format and the content reveals the lifestyle of people from all classes (including the poor and the rich) as well as different economic activities in rural areas and the city.,【写作模板】 _(介绍的作品)，known as_(作品的名称)，is a masterpiece painted by _(作者及朝代) The
10、 painting portrays _(作品概述)The theme focuses on_(主题)The entire piece is painted_(作品细节一) and the content reveals_(作品细节二) as well as_(作品细节三)It offers a glimpse of the costumes and architecture during the period.As an artistic creation，the piece has been well preserved_(评价),引导限制性定语从句 在主句中常有the same，so或s
11、uch与as相呼应，(the same.as；the same as; such.as.；so.as) as在定语从句中可作主语、宾语、主语补足语等。as引出的定语从句带有比较意义，从句常常只写出比较部分，但as本身不可省略。例如： He used such expressions as he could find in the texts. They stayed for the night in the same room as they had once rented.,as作关系代词引导的定语从句,一、,Her attitude to him was quite the same as
12、 it had always been. We will only discuss such problems as have something to do with our own interests. Dont do such things as you are not sure about. There is no such place as you dream of in all this world. 比较： (1)Here is so big a stone as no one can lift.(定语从句) It is so big a stone that no one ca
13、n lift it.(结果状语从句) (2) He is such a person as everybody likes. He is such a person that everybody likes him.,(3) This is so touching a story as I have read three times.This is so touching a story that I have read it three times. 注意：在the same.后也可用that引导定语从句，但含义有所不同。that引出的从句，指的是与先行词同一的事物，而as引导的从句指的是与
14、先行词同类的事物。例如： This is the same bag as I lost yesterday. This is the same bag that I lost yesterday. I live in the same house that he used to live in. Im wearing the same shirt as you wore yesterday.,引导非限制性定语从句 指主句的全部或部分内容。常译为 “正如” “就像” 等，定语从句可以置于主句之前、之中或之后。as后常接expect，know，report，expect，point out, sa
15、y，see等动词的主、被动语态。 As we all know，smoking is harmful to ones health.(as 作宾语) As is known to all，smoking is harmful to ones health.(as 作主语) Its known to all that smoking is harmful to ones health.(主语从句),二、,或：Smoking is harmful to ones health ，as we all know.(as 作宾语) 或： Smoking，as we all know，is harmful to one health. He was a foreigner，as I knew from his accent.(宾语，先行词是前面整个句子) As is known to everybody，the moon travels round the ear
