《2018版高考英语总复习专题十定语从句课件新人教版》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2018版高考英语总复习专题十定语从句课件新人教版（35页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、专题十 定语从句,-2-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点七,关系代词有who,whom,which,that和whose,另外,as也可充当关系代词。关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。关系副词有when,where和why,在定语从句中充当状语。 1.who指人,在定语从句中做主语或宾语。 (201610浙江)There might be people who will cycle just to get a free meal. 可能有些人会骑车,就是为了得到那份免费餐。 2.whom指人,在定语从句中做宾语,常可省略。 Do you know the b
2、oy(whom) we met at the gate? 你认识我们在门口碰到的那个男孩吗?,-3-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点七,3.which 指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略。 (2014安徽)The exact year(which/that) Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008. 安杰拉和她的家人在中国共同度过的确切年份是2008年。 4.that 指人时,相当于who 或whom;指物时,相当于which。在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略。 She is t
3、he pop star(that) I want to see very much. 她就是那位我非常想见的明星。 (2014江西)Among the many dangers(which/that) sailors have to face,probably the greatest of all is fog. 在海员们要面对的许多危险中,最严重的可能就是雾。,-4-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点七,5.whose可指人或物,修饰名词或代词,在定语从句中充当定语。“whose+名词”可改为“the+名词+of which/whom”或“of which/whom t
4、he+名词”。 (2015四川)The books on the desk,whose covers are shiny,are prizes for us. 桌子上的这些书是给我们的奖品,它们的封面很亮。 (2016全国甲)His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose activity would infect(感染) other students. 他在场意味着在课堂上我有一位意想不到的助教,他的活动将感染其他学生。 The house whose windows are very
5、 large is my uncles.=The house of which the windows are very large is my uncles.那个窗子非常大的房子是我叔叔的。,-5-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点七,6.as可指人也可指物,在定语从句中做主语、宾语或表语。 (1)引导限制性定语从句,先行词前常有as,the same,so,such修饰,且在从句中做主语、宾语或表语时,关系代词要用as。 It was so difficult a problem as nobody in my class could work out.(as做work
6、 out的宾语) 这个问题很难以至于我们班里没有人能解出来。 注意:so/such.that结构中,that引导结果状语从句,只起连接作用,不充当从句的任何成分。 It was so difficult a problem that nobody in my class could work it out.(work out 已经有宾语,that只起连接作用),-6-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点七,(2)as可以引导非限制性定语从句,代指整个主句的内容,从句中常用的谓语动词为see,say,hear,expect,know,report等,常译为“正如,正像”,其引导
7、的从句可以放在主句前面也可以放在主句后面。 (2016全国乙)Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people,just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. 许多美洲印第安人都很重视沉默,认为它是人与人之间进行交流的一个基本组成部分,就像一些传统的中国人和泰国人认为的一样。,-7-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点七,7.when指时间,在定语从句中做时间状语。其先行词是表示时
8、间的名词time,day,week,year,month等,常用on which,in which,at which,during which等代替。 (2015陕西)As the smallest child of his family,Alex is always longing for the time when he should be able to be independent. 作为家中最小的孩子,亚历克斯总是渴望自己能够独立的日子。 (201610浙江)The fact that such practices remain officially unaccepted refle
9、cts how far we havent come as a society from the days when we expected every full-time worker to be supported by a full-time homemaker. 此做法仍未被正式接受,这个事实反映了我们还没从期望每个全职工作者需得到全职家务料理者的支持的社会里走出来。,-8-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点七,8.where 指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语。其先行词是表示地点的名词,可以用“介词+关系代词”代替。 The house where/in which
10、he lives is near the river. 他住的房子在河边。 注意:高考对where的考查趋于复杂,先行词由“明显的地点”转为“模糊的地点”,或者说“抽象的地点”。这些名词有:stage,case,position,situation,point,occasion,activity 等。 (2016杭州四中高二期中考试)I realized that I had created a life where I was not a central figure! 我意识到我创造了一种生活,在其中我并非主角。,-9-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点七,9.why
11、指原因,在定语从句中做原因状语,可用for which来替代。why不可引导非限制性定语从句。 Tell me the reason why/for which you came late. 告诉我你来晚了的原因。 注意:用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。,-10-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点七,1.当先行词是everything,anything,nothing,something,all,none,few,little,some等不定代词时,或当先行词被every,any,all
12、,some,no,little,few,much等不定代词修饰时。 We should do all that is useful to the people. 我们应该做一切有益于人民的事情。 2.先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last等修饰时。 This is the last place that I want to visit. 这是我最不想参观的地方。 3.先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。 This is the best novel that I have ever read. 这是我读过的最好的一部小说。,-11-,考点二,考点三,考点四,
13、考点五,考点六,考点一,考点七,4.先行词是数词或被序数词修饰时。 This is the third dictionary that I have used. 这是我用过的第三本字典。 5.当先行词同时含有表示人和物的名词时。 We talked about the things and persons that we were interested in.我们谈论了我们感兴趣的人和事。 6.以who或which开头的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句,为避免重复时。 Who is the man that is standing under the tree? 站在树下的那个人是谁?,-12-,考点
14、二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点七,注意:Qingdao is the most beautiful city where I have ever worked.(即使有最高级修饰先行词city,但从句中work为不及物动词,先行词只做其地点状语,故要用关系副词) 前面所述几种情况已有前提:需要用关系代词时,遇到这几种情况才选用that。,-13-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点七,1.在“介词+关系代词”的结构中,关系代词只能用指物的which和指人的whom。 This is the train by which we went to Beijing.
15、 这就是我们去北京乘的那列火车。 2.在非限制性定语从句(即通常用逗号与主句隔开,若去掉整个句子仍能表达完整意义的定语从句)中。 (2016四川改编)I prefer to work in black and white,which allows me to show different specific worlds more clearly. 我更喜欢工作在黑白世界里,这能让我更清晰地呈现不同的、具体的世界。,-14-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点七,3.指人时,当先行词为everybody,anybody,everyone,anyone等时,关系代词要用who,不
16、用that。 Is there anyone who can answer this question? 有谁能回答这个问题? 4.先行词本身是指示代词that或those时,关系代词应用which。 Whats that which she is looking at?她正在看什么?,-15-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点七,1.位置不同。which 引导的定语从句只置于所限制的句子后;as引导的定语从句位置较灵活,也就是说as从句可置于所限制的句子前、插在句子中或放在句子后。 (2015湖南)It is a truly delightful place,which looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages. 它确实是一个宜人的地方。与一百年前的样子一样,有着弯弯曲曲的小径和漂亮的村舍。 Mike,as you know,is an honest man./Mike is an hon
