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1、一、不定式的时态和语态He is said to go abroad next week.据说他下周要出国。Im sorry to have given you so much trouble.真对不起，给你带来这么多麻烦。He is said to be studying abroad now.据说他现在正在国外学习。二、不定式的功能 不定式可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定 语、状语等。1单个不定式作主语，谓语动词用单数。有时，为保持 句子平衡，常用it作形式主语，而把真正作主语的动 词不定式放在句尾。 To be invited to the party is really exci
2、ting. It is really exciting to be invited to the party. 能被邀请去参加聚会真是令人兴奋。2. 在英语中有很多动词后应接不定式作宾语，请牢 记下列口诀：要想拒绝忘记(want, refuse, forget)需要努力学习(need, try, learn)喜欢同意帮助(like, agree, help)设法安排计划(manage, arrange, plan)希望决定开始(hope/wish/expect, decide/determine,begin)o3.英语中可以跟不带“to”的动词不定式作宾语补足语的 动词如下：4在英语中，可跟带
3、to的不定式作宾语补足语的动 词及短语有：advise, ask, allow, beg, encourage, forbid, force, expect, order, persuade, prefer, like, love, invite, intend, get, cause, warn, wish, want, tell, call on, wait for等。5不定式作主语补足语时，常涉及以下动词的有关 句型：say, believe, think, report，suppose等。 He is said to be writing a novel about himself.
4、据说他正在写一部自传小说。 Thirteen school kids were reported to have been killed in the terrible accident. 据报道13名学生在这场可怕的事故中丧生。6一般情况下，不定式结构可放在某些特定名词或 代词之后，作定语，这些名词或代词如下： attempt, ability, chance, desire, decision, effort, failure, intention, need, plan, promise, right, time, way, chance, courage, reason, someth
5、ing, anything, nothing等。7不定式作结果状语的常用结构 soadj./adv. as to.如此以至于 suchadj.n.as to.如此以至于 adj./adv. enough to do sth.足够 tooadj./adv. to do sth.太不能 only to do.结果(表出乎意料的结果) He got up early this morning so as not to be late for school again.为了上学不再迟到，他今天早上起得很早。 Will you be so kind as to turn down the radio?
6、请你把收音机音量调低一些好吗？8不定式作原因状语，通常用来修饰表示情感、心理 状态、性格等的形容词。常见的形容词有：happy, glad, lucky, fortunate, surprised, angry, anxious, ready, quick, slow, cruel, clever, frightened, shocked, sorry, eager, proud, disappointed, foolish等。 They are surprised to learn of his death. 得知他死亡的消息，他们很惊讶。 She is eager to see her s
7、on.她渴望见到儿子。9疑问词不定式结构 疑问词(who, which, when, where, how, what等)不 定式，这个结构在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表 语、宾语。 I dont know what to do next.(作宾语) 我不知道接下来做什么。 When to hold the meeting is not known yet.(作主语) 何时举行会议还不知道。 My question was where to get so much money.(作表语) 我的问题是到哪儿弄到这么多钱。10不定式的完成式表示不定式的动作先于句子 谓语 动词发出的动作。 The
8、 novel was said to have been published. 据说这篇小说已经出版了。 seem，appear，be said，be supposed，be believed，be thought，be known，be reported等常 用于上面句型。注意glad，happy，satisfied，sorry，surprised，disappointed后也接完成式，但要注意与一般式的区别。Im sorry to keep you waiting for a minute.对不起，请稍等。(说话时还未等)Im sorry to have kept you waiting
9、for a long time.对不起，让你久等了。(说话时已等了很久)三、不定式的特殊用法1不定式的主动和被动 (1)不定式和它前面被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上 的动宾关系，又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系 时，不定式常用主动形式。 I have a lot of homework to do today. 今天我有很多作业要做。 He has a sister to look after.他有个妹妹需要照看。(2)不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式逻辑上构成主 谓关系时，不定式往往用主动形式。 Do you have a knife to cut the watermelon? 你有一把西瓜刀
10、吗？ The master raised a dog to guard his house. 主人养了一条看家狗。(3)不定式作表语形容词的状语，和句中主语构成逻 辑上的动宾关系时，不定式多用主动形式，这时 一般认为形容词后省去了for sb.。这类形容词主 要有：ease, difficult, hard, interesting, pleasant等。 The book is difficult to understand.这本书很难理解。 The man is easy to get along with.这个人很容易相处。 2不定式符号to的省略 动词不定式在介词或介词短语except
11、, but, other than后面时，如果介词之前有行为动词do的某种形 式，那么介词后的不定式不带to，否则就要带to； 在cant choose but, cant help but, cant but后面的不 定式也要省略to；另外，出现并列的动词不定式 时，为避免重复，后面的不定式符号to省略。We could do nothing except/but/other than wait.除了等待我们什么都不能做。I cant but decline his offer.我不得不拒绝他的提议。Im afraid we have no choice but to take a taxi
12、.恐怕我们别无选择，只好乘出租车了。Can you help me to call him and ask him to attend the meeting at 200 p.m.?你能不能帮我打电话给他，叫他下午两点来开会？3不定式的替代 有时为了避免重复，可以用to来代替前面的不定 式，这种情况常出现在下列动词之后：expect, hope, wish, mean, prefer，care, forget, want, try或出现在 be glad/happy, would like/love等的后面。You may go with them if you hope to.如果你希望的
13、话，你可以和他们一起去。Will you lend me a hand？你能帮我一个忙吗？Im willing to, but I cant now.我很愿意，但现在不行。4有些动词不定式的形式不受上下文的影响，独立 用作状语，叫作独立成分，通常置于句首。 t o be honest (with you)坦白说，老实告诉你 to tell the truth 老实说 to be frank with you 坦白对你说四、有些动词后既可接不定式也可接动名词作宾 语， 但意义差别很大 forget to do sth.忘记去做某事 forget doing sth.忘记已经做了某事 remember to do sth.记住要去做某事 remember doing sth.记得曾经做过
