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1、单元综合测评(四).阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)AEvery year there are hundreds of earthquakes in different parts of the world.In September, 1923，Tokyo and Yokohama were both destroyed by an earthquake and the fires that followed it.They had to be completely rebuilt.One of the most serious earthquakes was in Chinas
2、 Shaanxi Province in 1556.It killed almost one million people.We measure an earthquakes strength on the Richter Scale.The Richter Scale was introduced in 1935 in Southern California in the USA.It measures earthquakes on a scale of one to ten.Any earthquake measuring five or more is usually serious.T
3、he Earths crust(地壳) is made up of rock called plates.As these plates move, they sometimes crash against each other, causing the crust to quake.In cities such as Tokyo，where small quakes happen quite often, many modern buildings are designed to be flexible so when the plate moves, they move with it.E
4、arthquakes can also break up gas and oil pipes.This can cause fires to break out, which can do as much damage as the earthquake itself.Another effect of earthquakes is tsunamis.These are huge waves created by earthquakes beneath the sea.They can be many meters high and cause great damage to coastal
5、towns and cities.China, Japan, Russia and the USA have the highest occurrence (发生)of earthquakes in the world.【语篇解读】本文主要讲述的是关于大自然中的一种常见的灾难地震的具体信息等。1The passage is mainly about Ascientists who study earthquakesBthe way of measuring earthquakesCa usual natural disasterearthquakesDwhat people should do
6、 in the earthquake【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段内容可知本文主要讲述了大自然中的一种很常见的灾难地震的具体信息。故C项正确。【答案】C2Which of the following statements is NOT true?AThe earthquake in Shaanxi Province happened in 1556.BThe earthquake in Shaanxi Province killed almost one million people.CThe earthquake in Shaanxi Province caused a lot of d
7、amage.DThe earthquake in Shaanxi Province was the only earthquake in China.【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句One of the most serious earthquakes was in Chinas Shaanxi Province in 1556.It killed almost one million people.”可知A、B、C三项都是正确的，只有D项描述错误。故选D项。【答案】D3According to the passage we know that tsunamis Acan cause e
8、arthquakesBare caused by earthquakesConly happen on landDare a way of measuring earthquakes【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段倒数第三句“These are huge waves created by earthquakes beneath the sea.”说明海啸是由海底的地震所导致的，故B项正确。【答案】BBEverybody hates rats.But in the earthquake capitals of the worldJapan，Los Angeles，Turkeyrats wil
9、l soon be mans new best friends.What happens after an earthquake？We send in rescue dogs.Why？Because they can smell people.Dogs save lives.They help rescuers to find living people.But dogs are big and they cant get into small spaces.So now a new research project is using a smaller animal to save live
10、s：the rat.How does it work？First，the rat is trained to smell people.When this happens, the rats brain gives a signal (信号)This is sent to a small radio on its back，and then the rescuers follow the radio signals.When the rats brain activity jumps，the rescuers know that someone is alive.The rat has sme
11、lled that person.Although there are already robots which can do this job，rats are better.Christian Linster at Cornell University，New York, says，“Robots noses dont work well when there are other smells around.Rats are good at that.”Rats can also see in the dark.They are cheaper and quicker to train t
12、han dogs, and unlike robots, they dont need electricity!The “rat project” is not finished, but Julie Ryan of International Rescue Corps in Scotland says，“It would be fantastic.A rat could get into spaces we couldnt get to，and a rat would get out if it wasnt safe.”Perhaps for the first time in histor
13、y，people will be happy to see a rat in a building (but only after an earthquake，of course.)【语篇解读】人人痛恨的老鼠不久将在地震后的救援中成为人们的好朋友。4In the world earthquake capitals，rats will become mans best friends because they can Atake the place of mans rescue jobsBfind the position of people alive who are trapped in b
14、uildingsCserve as food for people alive who are trapped in buildingsDget into small spaces【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，人们利用老鼠来搜寻地震中的被困人员，因此答案为B项。【答案】B5From the third paragraph we know the rescuers can judge a person who is alive by Athe noise made by the ratBthe rats unusual behaviourCthe signal sent by the
15、radio on the rats backDthe smell given off by the person【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“When this happens，the rats brain gives a signal(信号)This is sent to a small radio on its back，and then the rescuers follow the radio signals.”可知答案为C项。【答案】C6In doing rescue jobs， Arats smell better than dogsBdogs dont need to be trained to smell peopleCrobots sense of smell can be affected by other smells aroundDrats can see in the dark and are smaller than robots【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Robots noses dont work well when there are other smells around.Rats are good at that”可知，机器人的嗅觉会受到周围其他气味的影响。【答案】C7
