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1、Module 5 Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient China Period 3 Grammar语法专题课 限制性定语从句,【课前热身】 用适当的关系词填空, 并体会其用法。 Ancient China was a place _states were often at war with each other. But it was also a time _there were many great philosophers.,where,when,Confucius(551BC479BC)is the philosopher _ in
2、fluence has been the greatest. Mencius believed that the reason _man is different from animals is that man is good. Mozi was another teacher _was very influential. Born in476BC, he came from a family _was very poor.,whose,why,who,which,【课堂诠解】 . 定语从句的引导词 关系代词和关系副词起着连接先行词和从句的作用, 同时在从句中又充当句子成分。,1. 关系代词
3、及其在从句中所作的成分。,写出下面句子中关系词所作的成分。 Is he the man who/that you want to see? 他就是你想见的人吗? (who/that在从句中作_),宾语,(2016北京高考)I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise. 我住在一对夫妻隔壁, 他们的孩子们总是弄出很大的响 声。(whose在从句中作_) The package which/that you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。
4、(which/that在从句中作_),定语,宾语,【名师指津】 作宾语的whom可以用who替代而且可以省略; whom/that/which在从句中作宾语时, 在口语和非正式文体中可省略, 但介词提前时, that不能用, whom/which不可省。,2. 关系副词及其在从句中所作的成分。,用适当的关系副词填空。 There comes a time _you have to make a choice. 你必须做出抉择的时候到了。 Beijing is the place _I was born. 北京是我的出生地。 Please tell me the reason _you were
5、 absent. 请告诉我你为什么缺席。,when,where,why,. 使用定语从句时需要特别注意的几个问题 1. 习惯上只用that引导的定语从句。 (1)当先行词是不定代词all, little, few, much, any, anything, everything, nothing, none, the one, 或先行词被all, little, few, much, any, every, no等修饰时。,(2)先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或者先行词被序数词(包括last, next)、形容词最高级及the only, the very等修饰时。 (3)先行词包括人和物时。,
6、(4)当主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时, 为了避免重复, 多用that引导。 (5)关系代词与the same(指同一人/物)连用时, 只能用that。,根据汉语提示完成句子。 This is the best way _ _ _ _against pollution. 这是已经用过的最好的抗污染的方法。 The second foreign city _ _ _ _ _is London. 我期待游览的第二个外国城市是伦敦。,that has been used,that I expect to visit,This is the very good dictionary _ _
7、_ _ _. 这就是我想要买的很好的字典。 Can you remember the scientist and his theory _ _ _ _? 你们能记得我们已经学过的那个科学家和他的理论吗?,that I want to buy,that,we,have,learned,2. 习惯上不用that引导的定语从句。 (1)非限制性定语从句, 不能用that引导。指人用who/whom; 指物用which。 (2)直接在介词后作宾语时, 不能用that引导, 要用whom, whose或which, 且不能省略。,【名师指津】 当介词放在从句的末尾时, 可以用that替代which, w
8、ho替代whom, 也可以省略关系代词。 The house(which/that)we live in is not large. 我们住的房子不大。,(3)当先行词是指人的, 如those, nobody, any, few, one(s), anyone, everyone, people等时, 多用who。 用适当的关系代词填空。 He lost his way, _ delayed him considerably. 他迷路了, 这使他耽搁了很久。,which,The two things about _Marx was not sure were the grammar and s
9、ome of the idioms. 马克思没有把握的两个方面是语法和某些习惯用语。 Do you know the lady with _our manager is talking in the office? 你认识在办公室和我们经理谈话的那位女士吗?,which,whom,He is the student of _brother we are always proud. 他就是那个我们总是为他哥哥感到骄傲的学生。,whose,3. 定语从句的特殊情况。 (1)way作先行词时, 定语从句中缺主语或宾语时, 使用 关系代词that, which, 也可以省略; 缺方式状语时, 使用 t
10、hat, in which, 口语中也可省略不用。 I was impressed by the way _she did it. 她做这件事的方式给我留下了深刻的印象。,in which/that/不填,(2)the reason作先行词时, 可以用的引导词: why =for which/that/which。why在句中是关系副词, 它在定语从句中作状语, 但要注意关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时, 要用关系代词that或which。,The reason _he was late was that he got up late. 他迟到的原因是他起床晚了。 The reason _ h
11、e gave you was reasonable. 他给你的理由是合理的。 (3)as引导限制性定语从句通常用于the same. . . as, such. . . as结构中。,why/for which,that/which,用合适的关系词填空。 I have bought _ _watch as you have. 我买了一块和你一样的手表。 I will provide you with _ things _ you may need. 我会供给你一些你可能用得着的东西。,the same,such,as,4. 定语从句中的主谓一致问题。 在定语从句中, 如果关系代词在定语从句中作
12、主语, 则从句的谓语动词形式取决于先行词的单复数形式: 如果先行词是单数名词或不可数名词, 则定语从句的谓语动词为单数, 如果先行词是复数, 其谓语动词则为复数。,完成下列句子。 Anyone _ _the law will be punished. 任何违犯法律的人将被处罚。 These books _ _about modern inventions are all mine. 这些有关现代发明的书籍都是我的。,who breaks,that are,Those students _ _ _can go home now. 做完了的学生现在可以回家。,who have finished,【
13、名师指津】 定语从句中主谓一致关系比较特殊的句式结构: (1)one of +复数名词+关系代词+复数谓语动词 (2)the only one of +复数名词+关系代词+单数谓语动词,He is the only one of the teachers who knows French in our school. 他是我们学校中唯一懂法语的老师。 This is one of the rooms that are free now. 这是目前空着的房间之一。,. 介词+关系代词which/whom引导的定语从句 1. 在含“介词+关系代词”的定语从句中, 修饰物时用which, 而不用th
14、at; 修饰人时用whom, 而不用who。 2. 关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时, 介词既可置于从句之首, 也可以置于从句末; 当介词置于从句之末时, 关系代词可以省略, 但固定的动词短语中的介词不能提前。,3. “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中介词的确定 介词的选择可以总结为: “一先、二动、三意义、四特殊”。 (1)一先, 即先看先行词, 从先行词入手。介词往往和先行词构成固定搭配。(比如时间常和on, in, by搭配, 地点常用on, in, at, 原因用for, 方式用in, by, with等) This is the house in which the invento
15、r lived.,(2)二动, 即看从句中的谓语动词结构。根据从句中谓语动词的搭配选择合适的介词。 He is a person of whom everyone has heard. (hear of听说) (3)三意义: 通过判断主句表达的全部意义来确定合适的介词。 He was educated at the local high school, after which he went on to Beijing University.,(4)四特殊: 介词of常用于表示部分的词语+of+关系代词结构。 表示部分的词语常见的有: 不定代词all, both, none, neither, either, some, any, 数词(含基数词, 序数词, 分数和百分数); 数词+名词; the +最高级/比较级, 以及表示数目或数量的词语many, most, few, several, enough, half a, a quarter。,I have five dictionaries of which Longman Dictionary is the best. 用适当的介词填空。 The two elements _ which water is made are oxygen and hydrogen. 构成水的两个
