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1、语法难点突破之八 特殊句式,C,B,A,is smoking permitted,So it was with,had I learned,did he go,can one,D,D,B,D,D,D,主谓一致 一、语法一致原则 主语单复数决定谓语动词的单复数形式，即主语是单数，谓语用单数，主语是复数，谓语用复数。 Tow students are waiting for you in your office. 两名学生在办公室等你。,二、意义一致原则 谓语动词用单数的情况 (1)由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现。 The worker and writer is f
2、rom Wuhan. 那个工人兼作家来自武汉。 (2)“no/each/every/many a单数名词andno/each/every/many a单数名词”作主语。 Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers.每一个人都很有理由为他们的父亲所从事的职业感到骄傲。,(3)one/every one/each/either/the number of复数名词作主语。 Each of the students has a book.每个学生都有一本书。 (4)由
3、every，any，some，no和one，thing，body等所构成的不定代词作主语。 Is everybody here today？今天每个人都在这儿吗？,(5)非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语。 Persuading him to join us seems really hard. 劝他加入我们看起来确实难。 To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit. 早睡早起是一个好习惯。 Whatever was left was taken away. 无论剩下了什么都被拿走了。 注意：what引导的主语从句，谓语动词一般用单数形式
4、，若从句谓语或从句后的表语是复数形式，则谓语动词用复数形式。 What they need are books.他们需要的是书。,谓语动词用复数的情况 (1)由and连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念。 Both bread and butter are sold out. 面包和黄油都卖完了。 (2)people，police，cattle等有生命的集体名词作主语。 People read for pleasure during their spare time. 人们闲暇之余的阅读是为了消遣。 (3)一些常用做复数或只有复数形式的名词，如goods，stairs，arms等作主语。 Th
5、e goods are made in China.这些货物都是中国制造的。,(4)由山脉、群岛、瀑布等以s结尾的专有名词作主语。 The Himalayas are the roof of the world. 喜马拉雅山脉是世界屋脊。 (5)a number of/quantities of/a group of名词作主语。 A number of other plants were found in America. 在美国发现了大量的其他植物。,谓语动词单、复数视情况而定 (1)集体名词class，family，army，team，club，population，enemy，party
6、，crowd，crew，audience，public，government，majority，group等作主语，强调整体用单数，指个体成员用复数。 The population in China is very large and 80% of the population live in rural areas.中国人口很多，其中80%的人住在农村。,(2)单复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语形式要根据其具体含义而定，这类词有：means，works，pains，deer，fish，sheep等。 Every means has been tried to solve the problem，
7、but none is effective.每种方法都试过，但没有一个有效。 There are various means of communicating with a stranger. 同陌生人交流有很多不同的方法。,(3)“kind，sort，pair，type名词”作主语，以这些名词本身的单复数而定。 The kind of paper is made of straw.这种纸是由稻草制成的。 Some kinds of animals are dying out. 一些种类的动物要灭绝了。 (4)all，none，some，any等不定代词作主语，根据其指代的内容而定。 All
8、is going on very well.一切顺利。 All are present besides the professor. 包括教授在内大家都在。,(5)“half/most/enough/part/the rest/the last/lots/plenty/分数/百分数of名词”作主语，谓语动词要和of之后的名词单复数保持一致。 A lot of students are coming to the meeting. 有很多学生要来开会。 A lot of work is to be done to prepare for the conference. 准备这次会议需要做大量的工
9、作。,三、就近一致原则 (1)由or，either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but also.等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最近的主语在单复数上保持一致。 Neither you nor I am fit for the work. 你和我都不适合这份工作。 Are neither you nor I fit for the work? 你和我都不适合这份工作吗？,注意：“with/along with/together with/including/but/except/like/as well as/no more than/besides/rather tha
10、n名词”置于主语后，谓语动词一般仍与前面的名词在单复数上保持一致。 Henry，rather than Jane and John，is responsible for the loss. 损失的责任应由亨利而不是由简和约翰来承担。,(2)由there，here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。 There is a pencil and two pens in the pencilbox. 文具盒内有一支铅笔和两支钢笔。 Are there three books and one pen on your desk? 你的书桌上有三本书和一支钢笔吗？,1(福建卷)Why d
11、oes the lake smell terrible? Because large quantities of water_. Ahave polluted Bis being polluted Chas been polluted Dhave been polluted,【解析】 句意为：这湖水怎么这么难闻？因为大量的水已经被污染了。本题考查时态、语态及主谓一致问题。water与pollute为被动关系，故排除A项；B表“正被污染”，故排除；large quantities of后加名词，谓语动词应与quantities保持一致，故排除C项，答案为D项。 【答案】 D,2(陕西卷)Dr.S
12、mith，together with his wife and daughters，_visit Beijing this summer. Ais going to Bare going to Cwas going to Dwere going to 【解析】 当主语后出现together with/as well as等介词短语时，谓语动词的数与介词短语前的主语保持一致，故可排除B、D两项；根据时间状语this summer可知应用一般将来时态。 【答案】 A,3(四川卷)The teacher together with the students_discussing Reading Sk
13、ills that_newly published in America. Aare；were Bis；were Care；was Dis；was 【解析】 句意为：老师和同学们在讨论美国刚出版的阅读技巧一书。不难看出主句的主语是the teacher，together with the students是附加部分，而Reading Skills 是一个书名也应该用第三人称单数形式。 【答案】 D,4(2009年湖南卷)Either you or one of your students_to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. Aare Bis
14、Chave Dbe 【解析】 句意为：要么是你或者你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。该题考查的是主谓一致，按照就近一致原则，one of your students的中心词为one，谓语动词该用单数，在本句中is to do表示应该(should)。 【答案】 B,5(江西卷)At present，one of the arguments in favor of the new airport_that it will bring a lot of jobs to the area. Ais Bare Cwill be Dwas 【解析】 句意为：目前，人们赞成建一座新机场的理由之一是它将给这个
15、地区带来很多的就业机会。本题考查动词时态，At presentNow是解题的关键。 【答案】 A,6(陕西卷)Did you go to the show last night? Yeah.Every boy and girl in the area_invited. Awere Bhave been Chas been Dwas 【解析】 主语是every boy and girl，表示单数概念，故谓语动词用单数，且询问昨晚的情况，有明确的过去时间，所以应选择was。 【答案】 D,7(浙江卷)Professor James will give us a lecture on the Wes
16、tern culture，but when and where_yet. Ahasnt been decided Bhavent decided Cisnt being decided Darent decided 【解析】 本题考查主谓一致。when and where引导的从句或跟不定式连用时谓语动词用单数，再根据本题意思应用被动语态。 【答案】 A,8(湖南卷)We live day by day，but in the great things，the time of days and weeks_so small that a day is unimportant. Ais Bare Chas be
