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1、专题九 形容词和副词,语法专题,形容词和副词的考查要点,语法填空,语法与写作,1,形容词和副词的考查要点,1.形容词和副词的作用与位置 形容词是用来修饰名词的，常被放在名词前作定语，或放在系动词后面作表语。而副词则用来修饰形容词、动词、其他副词或者句子，一般位于形容词之前，动词之后或句子之首。以下属几种特殊情况，须牢记： (1)形容词短语作定语，定语后置。 a task difficult to finish,(2)表语形容词(afraid，alike，alone，asleep，awake，alive等)作定语，定语后置。如a man alive。有些表身体健康状况的形容词如well，fain
2、t，ill只作表语。sick既可作表语又可作定语，ill如作定语意为“bad”。 (3)用作定语，修饰由不定代词one，no，any，some和every构成的复合词如anything，something等时，通常后置。 I have something important to tell you.,(4)else常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。 (5)enough修饰名词前置或后置，修饰形容词、动词或副词时，必须后置。 (6)几个副词并列作状语时，其顺序较灵活，但一般是：方式地点时间。 We had a good time together outdoors last Sunday. (
3、7)频度副词如often，always，usually等在be动词后，行为动词前。,(8)副词作定语，定语后置。 The person there is waiting for you. (9)几个并列的形容词作定语，其语序通常为：限定词(包括冠词、所有格、人称代词、指示代词、数词等)观点词(品质、状态，即表示好、坏、美、丑等的词)形状或样式词大小、长短或高低词年龄或新旧词颜色词产地或来源词材料或种类词用途词名词。 a heavy black Chinese steel umbrella,(10)以-ly结尾的词性辨析。 下列单词以-ly结尾，但却是形容词而非副词：lively，lonely，
4、lovely，deadly，friendly，ugly，silly，likely，brotherly，timely等。 表原意(无-ly)和引申意(有-ly)的副词： deep深 deeply深入地 wide宽广 widely广泛地,high高 highly高度地 low位置低 lowly地位卑微 有无-ly意义大不相同的副词： dead完全，绝对 be dead asleep deadly非常 be deadly tired,pretty相当 be pretty certain that. prettily漂亮地 be prettily dressed close近 Dont sit clo
5、se. closely密切地 Watch closely！ late晚，迟 arrive late，come late lately最近 I havent seen him lately(recently).,选词填空 sharp，occasionally，thankfully，optional，particular，besides，transparent，permanent，steady，quite 1.It is one thing to enjoy listening to good music，but it is _ another to play it well yourself.
6、2.The old engineers eyes still shone bright in the wrinkled brown face and his step as he came across the room was _，though slow.,题组训练1,quite,steady,3.An unhappy childhood may have some negative effects on a persons character；however，they are not always _. 4.The state-run company is required to make
7、 its accounts as _ as possible for its staff to monitor the use of money. 5.The house was too expensive and too big. ，Id grown fond of our little rented house. 6.She has already tried her best.Please dont be too _ about her job.,permanent,transparent,Besides,particular,7.In that school，English is co
8、mpulsory for all students，but French and Russian are . 8. ，I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end. 9.Ive been writing this report for the last two weeks，but it has to be handed in tomorrow. 10.Nowadays，there is a increase in childrens creativity，for they are greatly e
9、ncouraged to develop their talents.,optional,Thankfully,occasionally,sharp,2.形容词和副词的比较等级 (1)原级的构成和用法。 构成：形容词、副词的原级即本身。 用法：表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时，用“as原级形容词/副词as”的结构；表示双方不相等时，用“not so(as)原级形容词/副词as”的结构；表示一方是另一方的若干倍时，用“倍数as原级形容词/副词as”的结构。,Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Yu. This building looks not so(as) hi
10、gh as that one. Miss Xu speaks English as fluently as you. This room is three times as large as that one. (2)比较级和最高级的构成。 掌握比较级和最高级的变化规则，熟记少数不符合规则的特殊形容词和副词。,(3)比较级的用法。 表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级than”的结构表示。 This picture is more beautiful than that one. 表示一方不及另一方时，用“less原级than”的结构表示。 This room is less beautiful
11、than that one. 表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语，如even，a lot，a bit，a little，still，much，far，yet，by far等修饰。 He works even harder than before.,注意：(A)英语的比较级前如无even，still或yet等时，译成汉语时可用“较”或“一些”或不译出，一般不可用“更”。 She is better than she was yesterday. Please come earlier tomorrow. (B)by far通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时，一般放在比较
12、级的后面，如在前面，应在二者中间加“the”。 He is taller by far than his brother. He is by far the taller of the two brothers.,表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用“the比较级(主语谓语)，the比较级(主语谓语)”的结构(意为“越越”)。 The harder he works，the happier he feels. 不与其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级and比较级”的结构。 The weather is getting colder and colder.,某些以-ior结尾的形容词进行
13、比较时，用to代替than。这些词有inferior(劣等的，次的)，superior(较好的，优于)，junior(资历较浅的)，senior(资格较老的)，prior(在之前)等。 He is superior to Mr. Zhang in chemistry.,在比较从句中为了避免重复，我们通常用that(those)，one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。that指物，one既可指人又可指物。that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，而one只能代替可数名词。 The book on the table is more interesting than that(或the one) o
14、n the desk. A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.,倍数表达法。 (A)A is three (four，etc.) times the size(height，length，etc.)of B. The new building is four times the size (the height) of the old one. (B)A is three(four，etc.)times as big(high，long，etc.)as B. Asia is four times as large as Eu
15、rope. (C)A is three (four，etc.)times bigger(higher，longer，etc.)than B. Your school is three times bigger than ours. 用times 表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用twice或double。,(4)最高级的用法。 三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“the最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。 Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three. He works (the) hardest in his class. 最高级可被
16、序数词以及much，by far，nearly，almost，by no means，not quite，not really，nothing like等词语所修饰。 This hat is by far/much/nearly/almost/not really/by no means/not quite/nothing like the biggest.,表示“最高程度”的形容词，如excellent，extreme，perfect等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级。 形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时，被修饰的词往往省略。 He is the tallest (boy) in his class. 作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。 Of all the boys
