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1、专题十二 猜测词义,高考英语 (课标卷区),A组 统一命题课标卷题组 Passage 1(2018课标全国,C)词数:294 Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit(联系)groups developed their own p
2、atterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them. Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their lan- guages
3、 too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear,
4、and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.,五年高考,At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely un- even. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, whil
5、e hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages;the Americas about 1,000;Africa 2,400;and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number(中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means th
6、at half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that. Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon(eight remaining speakers), Chia- paneco in Mexico(150), Lipan Apache in the
7、United States(two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark):none of these seems to have much chance of survival. 1.What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times? A.They developed very fast.,B.They were large in number. C.They had similar patterns. D.They were closely
8、 connected. 2.Which of the following best explains“dominant”underlined in paragraph 2? A.Complex. B.Advanced. C.Powerful. D.Modern. 3.How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present? A.About 6,800. B.About 3,400. C.About 2,400. D.About 1,200. 4.What is the main idea of the text? A
9、.New languages will be created. B.Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languages. C.Human development results in fewer languages. D.Geography determines language evolution.,答案 语篇解读 本文为说明文。作者从语言发展历史这一角度论述了人类的发展导致了世界上 语言数量的减少。 1.B 推理判断题。本题题干意为:对于采猎者时代的语言,我们可推断出什么?根据第一段第 二句(当世界人口仍然由采猎者构成的时候,小的、联系紧密的群体彼此
10、独立地形成了自己的 讲话模式。)可知答案为B项(它们的数量很大)。A:它们发展得很快;C:它们有相似的模式;D: 它们联系很紧密。 2.C 猜测词义题。本题题干意为:下面哪一项最好地解释了第二段画线词“dominant”?根 据画线词所在句子中的“such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over”可 推知dominant的意思是“占统治地位的,强大的”,故答案为C项(Powerful)。A:复杂的;B:高级 的;D:现代的。 3.B 事实细节题。本题题干意为:目前,有多少种语言的使用人数少于6,000?根据第三段
11、第一 句(目前世界上大约有6,800种语言。)和第三段最后一句(这意味着世界的语言中有一半 的语言,其使用人数不足6,000。)可知,答案为B项(68001/2=3400)。,4.C 主旨大意题。本题题干意为:本文的主旨是什么?作者在首段首句介绍了本文的主题,即 语言几千年来一直变化不定,但在最近时期,其数量越来越少。然后进一步解释造成这种现象 的原因是社会的发展,故答案为C项。 Passage 2(2018课标全国,B)词数:258 Many of us love July because its the month when natures berries and stone fruits
12、 are in abun- dance. These colourful and sweet jewels from British Columbias fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection. Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein(蛋白质), iron and zinc(not that
13、 fruits have much protein). Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants (抗氧化物质). The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries(樱桃), they are so delicious. Who cares?However, they are rich in vit
14、amin C. When combined with berries or slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat“ice cream”. For this purpose, select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter. Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers,and fr
15、eeze. If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown. Frozen bananas will last several weeks, depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer. If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out
16、comes a “soft-serve”creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a chil- drens party;they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watch- ing the ice cream come out below. 1.What does the author seem to like about cherries? A.They contain protein. B.They are high in vitamin A. C.They have a pleasant taste. D.They are rich in antioxidants. 2.Why is fresh lemon juice used in freezing bananas? A.To make them sme
