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1、Module 2 Developing and Developed Countries Period 1 Introduction Reading and Vocabulary. 阅读理解ABrazil has become one of the developing worlds greatest successes in reducing population growthbut more by accident than design. While countries such as India have made joint efforts to reduce birth rates,
2、 Brazil has had a better result without really trying, says George Martine at Harvard. Brazils population growth rate has dropped from 2. 99% a year between 1951 and 1960 to 1. 93% a year between 1981 and 1990, and Brazilian women now have only 2. 7 children on average. Martine says this figure may
3、have fallen still further since 1990, an achievement that makes it the envy of many other third world countries. Martine puts it down to, among other things, soap operas(通俗电视剧)and installment(分期付款)plans introduced in the 1970s. Both played an important, although indirect, role in lowering the birth
4、rate. Brazil is one of the worlds biggest producers of soap operas. Colobo, Brazils most popular television network, shows three hours of soaps six nights a week, while three others show at least one hour a night. Most soaps are based on wealthy characters living the high life in big cities. “Althou
5、gh they have never really tried to work in a message towards the problems of reproduction(生育), they describe middle and upper class valuesnot many children, different attitudes towards sex, women working, ”says Martine. “They sent this message to all parts of Brazil and made people realize other pat
6、terns of family life and other values, which were put into a very attractive package. ”Meanwhile, the installment plans tried to encourage the poor to become consumers. “This led to a change in consumption(消费)patterns and consumption did not get along well with unlimited reproduction, ”says Martine.
7、 【语篇概述】本文主要描述了巴西偶然降低了人口增长的经过。1. The underlined phrase “puts it down to” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to. A. considers the cause of it to beB. finds it a reason forC. looks it on asD. compares it to【解析】选A。词义猜测题。put sth. down to归结的原因是。由第二、三段的关系可以推出答案选A。2. Soap operas have helped lower Brazils
8、birth rate because. A. they keep people sitting long hours watching TVB. they have gradually changed peoples way of lifeC. people are drawn to their attractive packageD. they make birth control measures popular【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的描述, 肥皂剧中的中上层阶级的观念少生孩子、妇女参加工作等, 使巴西人慢慢地改变自己的家庭观念和生活模式。3. What is Marti
9、nes conclusion about Brazils population growth? A. The increase in the birth rate will increase consumption. B. The desire for consumption helps to reduce the birth rate. C. Consumption patterns and reproduction patterns are contradictory. D. A countrys production is limited by its population growth
10、. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据最后一段可推出B。分期付款鼓励穷人成为消费者, 改变了他们的消费模式, 而高消费与无节制的生育相矛盾, 故巴西人少生孩子, 由此推出B。如选C, 则应在reproduction前加unlimited。4. Which is the best title for the passage? A. Brazil: the developing worlds successB. Soap operas and installment plansC. Brazil: reducing the birth rate by accidentD. Learn from Bra
11、zil【解析】选C。主旨大意题。文章开头第一句是全文的主题句, C项标题中有概括全文的中心词: reducing. . . by accident, 即巴西偶然降低了人口增长。文章主要讲人口方面的问题, 所以A项题目太大, 其余项没有抓住要点。BAcross the world, 1. 1 billion people have no access to clean drinking water. More than 2. 5 billion people lack basic sanitation(卫生设备). The combination proves deadly. Each year
12、, diseases related to inadequate(不充足的)water and sanitation kill between 2 and 5 million people and cause an estimated 80 percent of all sicknesses in the developing world. Safe drinking water is necessary for health and the fight against child death rate, inequality between men and women, and povert
13、y. Consider these facts: The average distance that women in Africa and Asia walk to collect water is 6 kilometers. Only 58 percent of children in sub-Saharan Africa are drinking safe water, and only 37 percent of children in South Asia have access to even a basic toilet. Each year in India alone, 73
14、 million working days(工作日)are lost to waterborne(通过水传播的)diseases. Here are three ways you can help: (1)Write to CongressCurrent U. S. foreign aid for drinking water and sanitation budgets only one dollar per year per American citizen. Few members of Congress have ever received a letter from voters a
15、bout clean drinking water abroad. (2)Sponsor a project with a faith-based organizationMany U. S. religious groups already sponsor water and sanitation projects, working with partner organizations abroad. Simply putting a single project by a U. S. organization can make safe water a reality for thousa
16、nds of people. (3)Support non-profit water organizationsNumerous U. S. -based non-profits work skillfully abroad in community-led projects related to drinking water and sanitation. Like the sample of non-profits noted as follows, some organizations are large, others are small-scale, some operate worldwide, others are devoted to certain areas in Africa,
