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1、Section Grammar & Writing,探究语法精要,虚拟语气表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等，一般常用于正式的书面语中。,虚拟语气,一、虚拟语气在条件句中的运用 1虚拟语气在条件从句中的应用其主从句的谓语动词形式如下：,If I were ten years younger，I would start all over again.如果我年轻10岁，我会从头开始的。(与现在事实相反) You might have seen Mr Smith if you had attended the lecture.如果你参加了讲座，你也许会
2、见到史密斯先生的。(与过去事实相反) If it should rain，we would stay at home. 假如明天下雨，我们就待在家里。(与将来事实相反),2虚拟条件句的省略和倒装 如果条件句中的if省略，须把条件句中的were，had，should放在条件从句的主语前面，从而构成倒装语序。 Had it not been for his help，I couldnt have finished the work in time. 要不是他的帮助，我是不会及时完成这个工作的。 Were you a bird，you could fly in the sky. 如果你是一只小鸟，就
3、能在天空中飞翔了。,3错综时间条件句(混合虚拟语气) 当虚拟语气的主从句所指的时间不一致时，应该根据各自谓语动词发生的时间采用相应的形式。 If you had taken my advice，you would know what to do now.要是那时你听我劝告的话，你现在就知道该做什么了。,4含蓄条件句 用一个介词短语或分词短语来代替条件句，这就是含蓄条件句。这些词有：without，but for，or，otherwise，with，but，even，in case of等。 Given more attention，the trees could have grown bett
4、er.若是多加注意，这些树就会长得更好。 Without/But for your help I couldnt have returned home safely. 要不是你的帮助，我是不会安全回家的。,He would have gone to the party，but he was ill yesterday.他昨天想去参加宴会，但是那时他病了。 The firemen arrived in time.Otherwise the house would have been burnt to the ground. 消防队员及时赶到了，不然的话，房子就烧毁了。,二、虚拟语气在名词性从句中
5、的应用 1宾语从句中的虚拟语气 (1)表示建议、决定、要求、请求、命令的动词suggest/insist/decide/demand/request/require/ask/beg/order等后跟宾语从句时，从句用虚拟语气，即should动词原形，should可以省略。 She insisted that the seats (should) be booked in advance.她坚持要预定座位。 He demanded that he (should) be told everything. 他要求将一切告诉他。,温馨提示：suggest作“暗示，表明”和insist作“坚持说，坚持
6、认为”解时，从句要用陈述语气。 He insisted that he was not involved in the case. 他坚持认为自己与那个案子没有牵连。,(2)wish的宾语从句中虚拟语气有三种，宾语从句中用一般过去时(be动词用were)表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，用would/could/might加动词原形表示与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。 I wish I remembered his Email. 我希望我记得他的邮箱地址。 I wish I had studied hard. 我多么希望我那时学习刻苦。 I wish you w
7、ould go with us tomorrow. 但愿你明天跟我们一块去。,(3)would rather后的宾语从句也要用虚拟语气，一般过去时表示与现在将来事实相反，过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。 Id rather you came tomorrow. 我宁愿你明天来。 Id rather you had passed the exam. 我宁愿你通过了考试。 (4)It is high/about time that.句型中一般用过去时或should动词原形表示虚拟语气。 Its high/about time that children should/go went to schoo
8、l.到了孩子们上学的时候了。,2用在主语从句中 It is desired/suggested/proposed/required/necessary/ important/ strange/natural/a pity that 从句，从句中谓语动词用should动词原形，should可省略。 It is important that you should come here soon. 你快点来很重要。 It is suggested that the old man should be sent to hospital immediately.有人建议立即把老人送往医院。,3用在表语从句
9、和同位语从句中 advice，demand，order，request，suggestion，proposal，requirement，recommendation等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中，谓语动词用should动词原形，should可省略。 Obama issued the order that the troops should withdraw from Iraq.奥巴马命令部队从伊拉克撤军。 Their desire was that a treaty should be signed at once.他们的愿望是马上签订协约。,4If only后面需要用虚拟语气，句子多用一般
10、过去时或过去完成时。 If only I could operate the computer. 要是我会操作电脑该多好。 If only he had known it.要是他知道这件事该多好。,5状语从句中的虚拟语气 (1)在as if/though引导的方式状语从句中，一般过去时表示与现在事实相反，过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。 She loves the boy as if he were her own son. 她喜欢这个男孩子就好像他是她的亲儿子一样。 (2)在in case that，for fear that，lest 引导的条件状语从句中，经常用should动词原形表示虚拟
11、语气。 She puts a coat over the baby for fear that he should catch cold. 她把一件大衣盖在小孩身上，以免他着凉。,课时语法专练,完成句子 1My suggestion is that_(我们根据天气情况来安排运动会的日期) 答案： we (should) fix the date for the sports meeting depending on the weather 2_(要不是他的帮助)，I couldnt have finished the work on time. 答案： Had it not been for
12、his help,3Without/But for your help，_(我是不会安全到家的) 答案： I couldnt have returned home safely 4If I were you，I _(更加注意英语的习语和短语) 答案： would pay more attention to English idioms and phrases 5_(如果他九点动身的话)，he ought to have been in London by eleven oclock. 答案： If he had started at 9：00,解码书面表达,建议信是书信的一种，属应用文范畴，写
13、这类文章应注意以下几点： (1)细读提示，认真审题。 审体裁：说明自己的建议。 定格式：书信的正确格式(开头及结尾)。 定人称：根据内容需要，对人称合理的选择、定位(一般第一人称)。 定时态：一般现在时态和将来时态。,建议信,(2)紧扣主题，组织要点。 这类作文一般为提纲式作文，其“要点”似乎已定好了，但大多还有一些开放性空间，因此，要在弄清题意的基础上，逐个地，完美无缺地把内容要点列出来。要使文章层次分明，要点清晰，适当地使用过渡词或连接词：besides，in addition，whats more，in ones opinion，personally，therefore等。 (3)选词造
14、句，逐步成文。 根据词汇的句法功能，及表达建议的句子类型，将句子按一定的顺序排列成主谓一致，时态呼应，脉络分明，内容完整的短文。,【写作任务】 假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Peter发来电子邮件向你咨询如何才能学好中文。请你根据下列要点写一封电子邮件回复他。 要点： 1.参加中文学习班； 2.看中文书刊、电视； 3学唱中文歌曲； 4交中国朋友。 注意：1.词数100左右； 2可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。,【范文在线】 Dear Peter， Im glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to learn Chinese w
15、ell.Here are a few suggestions. First，it is important to take a Chinese course，as youll be able to learn from the teacher and practice with your fellow students.Then，it also helps to watch TV and read books，newspapers and magazines in Chinese whenever possible.Besides，it should be a good idea to lea
16、rn and sing Chinese songs，because by doing so youll learn and remember Chinese words more easily.,You can also make more Chinese friends.They will tell you a lot about China and help you learn Chinese. Try and write to me in Chinese next time. Best wishes， Li Hua,【靓点点击】 1首先格式正确，符合书信体的要求，结构符合给人提建议的三段式：提出情况(asking for my advice on how to learn Chinese well)，写建议的背景
