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1、,语法指南,一,二,三,直接引语和间接引语() 直接引语是直接引述别人的原话,原话用引号;而间接引语是转述别人的话,不用引号。,语法指南,二,三,一,一、直接引语变为间接引语时要注意以下变化:,语法指南,二,三,一,语法指南,二,三,一,二、直接引语变为间接引语时,应注意以下“九不变”原则。 1.主句的时态是一般现在时或一般将来时,变为间接引语时,从句时态不变。 He says,“I am very happy.” He says that he is very happy. 2.如果直接引语中有确定的过去时间状语,变为间接引语时时态不变。 He said,“She was born in 1
2、954.” He said that she was born in 1954.,语法指南,二,三,一,3.如果转述时在原来的地方,在说话当天,yesterday,tomorrow,here等均不必改变。 Just now Tom told me,“It is the most wonderful day I have spent here in the city.” Just now Tom told me it was the most wonderful day he had spent here in the city. 4.直接引语所转述的是自然现象、科学真理、名言警句等,变为间接引
3、语时时态不变。 Mother said,“There are four seasons and twelve months in a year.” Mother said that there are four seasons and twelve months in a year.,语法指南,二,三,一,5.when,while,since等引导的时间状语从句变为间接引语时,只改变原主句的时态,时间状语从句的时态不变。 Da Shan said,“It is many years since he came to live in China.” Da Shan said that it wa
4、s many years since he came to live in China. 6.直接引语中含有某些情态动词时,间接引语可用原情态动词,也可用其他情态动词表示,但要注意保持原来的意义。 He said,“You must be very fond of art.” He said that I must be very fond of art. 7.直接引语中的主语是第一人称(I,we)时,间接引语中人称代词不变。 I said,“You arrived ten minutes behind time.” I said that you had arrived ten minute
5、s behind time.,语法指南,二,三,一,8.直接引语是过去进行时,时态不变。 Lucy asked,“Jim,were you going to Jolins concert when I met you?” Lucy asked Jim if he was going to Jolins concert when she met him. 9.直接引语如果是一般现在时,表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作,变间接引语时,时态不变。 Mary said,“The Olympic Games are held every 4 years.” Mary said the Olympic Ga
6、mes are held every 4 years.,语法指南,二,三,一,三、直接引语变为间接引语的三种类型 1.陈述句的间接引语 直接引语变为间接引语时,若直接引语是陈述句,变为间接引语时语序不变。 “Ill let you know as soon as I get the tickets,”he told me. He told me that he would let me know as soon as he got the tickets. John said,“I like reading adventure stories.” John said that he liked
7、 reading adventure stories.,语法指南,二,三,一,2.一般疑问句的间接引语 若直接引语是一般疑问句,变为间接引语时首先在主句谓语动词后加if或whether,再把语序变为陈述语序,主句谓语动词say要变为ask。 He said to me,“Have you done your homework?” He asked me if/whether I had done my homework. 3.特殊疑问句的间接引语 若直接引语是特殊疑问句,变为间接引语时仍保留原来的疑问词,再把语序变成陈述语序,主句谓语动词say要变为ask。 “What do you want,Sara?”Mr Li asked. Mr Li asked Sara what she wanted.,
