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1、第6讲 非谓语动词,考点1 非谓语动词作状语 【典例】1. (2015江苏高考)Much time_sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems. A. being spent B. having spent C. spent D. spending 【解析】选C。句意: 很多时间都坐在桌旁, 办公室职员一般都受到健康问题的困扰。time与spend之间是主谓关系, 根据时间关系推断他们已经伏案工作很久了, 故选C。独立主格结构作状语, 表示原因。,2. (2015北京高考)The par
2、k was full of people, themselves in the sunshine. A. having enjoyed B. enjoyed C. enjoying D. to enjoy 【解析】选C。句意: 这个公园充满了人, 在阳光下他们玩得很开心。非谓语动词的逻辑主语为people, 人们玩得开心为主动行为, 故选现在分词作状语。,3. (2015福建高考)_more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course. A. Learn B.
3、Learned C. To learn D. To be learning 【解析】选C。句意: 为了了解到更多的中国文化, 杰克决定选择中国民间音乐作为选修课。这里是动词不定式形式的非谓语动词作目的状语。,4. (2015天津高考)_in painting, John didnt notice evening approaching. A. To absorb B. To be absorbed C. Absorbed D. Absorbing 【解析】选C。句意: 全神贯注于绘画中, 约翰没有注意到晚上到了。be absorbed in全神贯注于, 在句中作状语。,5. (2015重庆高考
4、)_in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star. A. Being raised B. Raising C. Raised D. To raise 【解析】选C。句意: 他在格拉斯哥最穷的地方长大, 要想成为足球明星还有很长很难的路要走。根据句意可知raise的主语是he, 他在这个地方长大, 两者之间是被动关系。,6. (2014江苏高考)The lecture_, a lively question-and-answer session followed. A. b
5、eing given B. having given C. to be given D. having been given 【解析】选D。句意: 报告之后是一个活跃的问答环节。报告是被做的, 且发生在问答之前, 故使用having been done的形式。,【解题技巧】 1. 掌握非谓语动词作状语的基本用法: (1)动词不定式作状语。 She reads China Daily every day in order to(so as to)improve her English. He came late, only to find the door locked.,(2)动词-ing作状
6、语。 动词-ing可以作时间、原因、方式、伴随、结果、让步等状语, 所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系, 所表示的动作总是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时或几乎同时发生, 其完成式having done表示先于谓语动词动作发生的动作。,Being ill, he didnt go to school yesterday. (原因状语) Seeing Tom, I couldnt help thinking of his brother. (时间状语) Having been criticized by the teacher, Li Ming gave up smoking. (原因状语
7、) Gathering around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people. (伴随状语) More highways have been built in China, making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another. (结果状语),(3)动词-ed作状语。 一般式(done)同动词的-ing形式的完成被动式(having been done)均与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系, 且先于谓语动词所表示的动作发生, 表示时间、原因、方式、伴随
8、等情况。 Asked what had happened, he lowered his head. (时间状语) Inspired by what he said, we are determined to study harder. (原因状语),2. 有关非谓语动词的注意事项: (1)常见的作状语的固定短语。 generally/frankly/roughly speaking一般说来/坦白地说/粗略地说; considering. . . 鉴于/考虑到; judging by/from. . . 从来看, 依据来判断; supposing/supposed that. . . 假定;
9、providing/provided that. . . 假定; owing to. . . 由于; talking/speaking of谈及,(2)动词的-ing形式和过去分词作状语时, 其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致, 且和句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系, 否则不能使用它们作状语。 Being blind, how could they see an elephant? Though surprised to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome. When he cleaned the window, his finger w
10、as hurt.,(3)独立主格结构。 主句主语与从句主语不一致, 则用独立主格作状语。其构成是名词/代词+非谓语动词/形容词/副词/介词短语等。 Bats are surprisingly long-lived creatures, some having a life span of around 20 years(=and some have a life span of around 20 years).,考点2 非谓语动词作定语 【典例】1. (2014浙江高考)Annie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school day
11、s by a nurse_to guard her. A. to appoint B. appointing C. appointed D. having appointed 【解析】选C。句意: 残疾人安妮萨蒙在学校的那段日子一直由委派保护她的一个护士陪同。其中a nurse与动词appoint之间是被动关系, 故用过去分词作定语。,2. (2014北京高考)Last night, there were millions of people_the opening ceremony live on TV. A. watch B. to watch C. watched D. watching
12、 【解析】选D。句意: 昨晚, 几百万人通过电视观看了开幕式现场直播。分析句子可知“_the opening ceremony live on TV”作millions of people的定语, people和watch之间是主动关系, 且动作正在发生, 因此选择现在分词。,3. (2014北京高考)There are still many problems_before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon. A. solving B. solved C. being solved D. to be solved 【解析】选D。句意: 在我们准备
13、好长久待在月球上之前还有很多问题需要解决。分析句子可知所填部分作problems的定语, problem和solve之间是被动关系, 排除A项; 再根据句意可知这些问题还没有解决, 因此动作还未发生, 排除B、C。,4. (2014大纲版全国卷)Today there are more airplanes_more people than ever before in the skies. A. carry B. carrying C. carried D. to be carrying 【解析】选B。句意: 现在, 比起以往, 在空中能载更多人的飞机增多了。_more people than
14、 ever before in the skies作定语修饰airplanes, carry和airplanes之间是主动关系, 所以用动词-ing形式。,【解题技巧】 1. 掌握非谓语动词作定语的基本用法。,Do you know the number of people coming to the party? The question being discussed was presented by the headmaster. Mrs White showed her students some old maps borrowed from the library. I have a
15、 lot of readings to complete before the end of this term.,2. 非谓语动词作定语的注意事项。 (1)有些-ing形式已经转化成形容词, 常作定语用来修饰物, 表示“令人”。常用的此类词有: exciting, amusing, amazing, astonishing, shocking, puzzling, confusing, disappointing, discouraging, pleasing, striking, boring, tiring, touching, moving, interesting, satisfyi
16、ng, terrifying, frightening等。 (2)现在分词完成式一般不作定语, 若要表达完成意义最好用定语从句。例如: 一般不说: The girl having won the race is my deskmate. 而常这样说: The girl who has won the race is my deskmate.,(3)及物动词的过去分词既表被动又表完成, 一些不及物动词的过去分词作定语时在意义上只表完成不表被动。例如: newly-arrived goods新到的货; fallen leaves落叶; faded flowers凋谢的花。 (4)不定式与其所修饰的词构成逻辑上的动宾关系, 而该不定式为不及物动词时, 其后须加上适当的介词, 构成及物动词短语。例如: I am looking for a room to live in. (5
