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1、专题七 定语从句,定语从句思维流程,知识点一 关系代词引导的定语从句,常用关系代词的用法如下：,The foreigner who visited our school yesterday is from Canada. 昨天来我们学校参观的那个外国人来自加拿大。 They planted some trees that/which didnt need much water. 他们种了一些不需要浇太多水的树木。,1.关系代词that与which的用法区别,(1)只用that引导的定语从句。 that在定语从句中可以指人也可以指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，可以代替who, whom, whi
2、ch等。下列情况只用that而不用which引导定语从句。 当先行词是不定代词all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one时。 Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself? 你还有想要为你自己说的事情吗？ You should hand in all that you have. 你应该上交你拥有的一切。,当先行词前面被the only, the very(恰恰，正好)，any，few, little, no, all等词修饰
3、时。 The only thing that we can do is give you some money. 我们唯一能做的事情是给你一些钱。 当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词最高级修饰时。 This is the best that has been used against pollution. 这是用来抵制污染最好的(方法)。 This is the most interesting film that Ive ever seen. 这是我看过的最有趣的电影。,当先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词修饰时。 What is the first American film tha
4、t you have seen? 你看过的第一部美国电影是什么？ 当先行词既有人又有物时。 Do you know the persons and things that they are talking about? 你知道他们正在谈论的人和事吗？ 当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。 Which is the bike that you lost? 哪一辆自行车是你丢的？ Who is the boy that won the gold medal? 获得金牌的男孩是谁？,当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词也在从句中作表语时。 Shanghai is no longer the ci
5、ty that it used to be. 上海不再是以前的那座城市了。 (2)用which而不用that引导的定语从句 which可引导非限制性定语从句，that则不能。 He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry. 他没通过数学考试，这令他父亲很生气。 在介词提前的定语从句中，只用which而不用that引导。 This is the place in which Lu Xun used to live. 这是鲁迅曾住过的地方。,2.关系代词who，whom和whose的用法,(1)关系代词who，w
6、hom先行词指人。who是主格，在从句中作主语，不可省略； whom/that在定语从句中作宾语时，可以省略； whose是属格，先行词既可指人，也可指物。在定语从句中用作定语，不可省略。 The man who was here yesterday is a painter.(who在从句中作主语) 昨天在这里的那个人是画家。 I know the man whom you mean. (whom在从句中用作宾语，可省略) 我认识你指的那个人。,A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan. (whose在从句中用作定语，不可省略) 失
7、去父母的孩子叫孤儿。 Id like a room whose window looks out over the sea. Id like a room，of which the window looks out over the sea. Id like a room，the window of which looks out over the sea. 我想要一个窗户面朝大海的房间。,3.关系代词as引导的定语从句,These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.(as作宾语) 这些房子以人们所期望的那样的低价出售
8、了。 He is not the same man as he was. 他和过去不同了。(as作表语) such.as.引导的定语从句与such.that.引导的状语从句的区别： He is such a clever boy as everyone likes. 他是一个人人都喜欢的聪明男孩。 He is such a clever boy that everyone likes him. 他是个如此聪明的男孩以至于每个人都喜欢他。,第一个句子包含了一个定语从句，因为从句中缺成分；而第二句的从句不缺任何成分，是状语从句。 (2)as表示“正如，正像” 此时，as从句中常用know, exp
9、ect, happen, point out, plan, suggest等单词或短语。 He came back home late，as we expected. 正如我们所料，他回家晚了。 As is pointed out, this is a grammar problem. 正如所指出的，这是个语法问题。,1.关系代词有六个，听我逐一来说破； which表物人用who，人物都有that顾；which用在逗号后，意表前句你要know；who作主语很称职，whom用到宾语里。,先行若是不定代，that就把which踹；先行词前有两数，就用that定无误； 先行词前最高级，还用that必
10、无疑；句中若有there be, that应把which替； 先行主中作表语，避免重复从句里(Just the only very same last，其后也要用that)。,2.that, which代表物，区别听我来叙述；,当表示地点、时间或原因的名词在定语从句中作主语、宾语时，用that/which引导。,1.The old town has narrow streets and small houses _ are built close to each other. 答案 that/which 本题考查定语从句。句意：这古老的城镇拥有狭窄的街道和一些小房子，这些房子都靠得很近。本题为
11、定语从句，且从句中缺少主语，用that/which引导。 2.The old temple _ roof was damaged in the storm is now under repair. 答案 whose 该题中先行词为temple，将其代入后面的从句中可知temple作定语，故选whose。,3.The new policy only covers such people _ have made great contributions to our country during the war. 答案 as 句意：这项新政策只涉及那些在战争中为祖国做出重大贡献的人们。根据句意，判断
12、先行词为people，又因先行词由such修饰，故用as。,4.用who或whom填空，并说明所作成分,This is a nurse_wears a white skirt. He is a worker_works very hard. She is a teacher_I like best. Tom is the driver_we talked about. Do you know the girl to_our teacher is talking. She is the teacher to_students show respect. The manager for_you h
13、ave been waiting is coming. 答案 who 作主语 who 作主语 who/whom 作宾语 who/whom 作宾语 whom 作介词宾语(只能用whom) whom 作介词宾语(只能用whom) whom 作介词宾语,5.whose的用法,The girl_is a teacher studies very hard.那个女孩学习非常刻苦，她的妈妈是一位教师。 Uncle Wang_we have just passed is a lawyer. 我们刚刚经过王叔叔的办公室，他是一位律师。 Are there any rooms_face the sea? 有没有
14、窗户朝着海的房间？ The house_is painted red belongs to the Browns.门被刷成红色的那个房子是布朗家的。 答案 whose mother whose office whose windows whose door,6.把as和that填入下列句子,This is such an interesting book _we all want to read twice.这是一本我们都想读两遍的有趣的书。 This is such an interesting book_we all want to read it twice.这本书如此有趣，以至于我们都
15、想再读一遍。 答案 as that,7.翻译(the same.as, the same.that),This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. 答案 这是支和我昨天丢失的一样的钢笔。 This is the same pen that I lost yesterday. 答案 这就是我昨天丢失的钢笔。,as引导非限制性定语从句，其先行词是整个主句，指代主句的内容。,8.用适当的词填空 _we all know, smoking is bad for our health. 众所周知，抽烟有害健康。 Li Ming is late，_is known by all. 李明迟到了，这是大家都知道的。,用as和which填空,Li Ming was late，_made Mr Zhang very angry. 李明迟到了，这让张老师很生气。 _he realized, it was too late. 正如他意识到的那样，已经晚了。 答案 As as which As,知识点二 关系副词引导的定语从句,1.当先行词在定语从句中作状语时，要用关系副词，表时间用when，表地点用where，表原因用why引导,He will always remember the day when his father returned from Ameri
