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1、,语法专题突破,第一部分,专题十 特殊句式和主谓一致,2017考纲精解,第1讲 特殊句式,1(2016全国卷)It could be anythinggardening, cooking, music, sportsbut whatever it is, 70._ (make) sure its a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about. 【解析】 分析破折号后的句子结构可知，whatever引导让步状语从句，make sure部分是主句。这里用动词原形开头构成祈使句。,make,2(2016福建福州
2、3月质检)This technology did not spread to Europe 67. _ the 19th century, and it was by using the technology 68. _ the Americans drilled the first oil well in Pennsylvania in 1859. 【解析】 67空考查连词。根据句意“直到19世纪，这项科技才传到欧洲”判断要用until，notuntil意为“直到才”。68空考查强调句It isthat结构。句意“就是运用了这项科技，1859年美国人才能在宾夕法尼亚州钻出第一口油井”。,un
3、til,that,3(2014全国卷)My dream school starts at 8：30 am. and ends at 3：30 p.m. They are three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon. 【解析】 第二句表达的应该是一个“therebe名词时间或者地点状语”，意为：某地(某时间)有。所以应将They改为There。注意句子开头首字母大写。 【答案】 TheyThere 4(2016贵阳一中高三月考)If you want to become a better reader, here is four i
4、mportant things to remember about your reading speed. 【解析】 此句为倒装句，主语是four important things，所以谓语动词用复数形式。 【答案】 isare,5(2016齐鲁名校教科研协作体二联)With time going by, Im in Senior 3 now. It is me who have no time to stay with him now! 【解析】 根据句型It iswho可知，本句为强调句式，强调主语“我”，应用主格代词。 【答案】 meI,一、强调句 1强调句型的陈述句形式：It is/w
5、as被强调部分that/who其他成分。被强调部分为“人”时可用who/that，被强调部分是“事物”时用that。 It is I who/that am right.(强调主语) It was him that/who we met at the school gate.(强调宾语) It was in the park that Tom lost his watch.(强调状语),2强调句型的一般疑问句形式：Is/Was it被强调部分that/who其他成分？ Was it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out? 第二次世界大战是在19
6、39年爆发的吗？ 3强调句型的特殊疑问句形式：特殊疑问词is/was it that其他成分？ When was it that you called me yesterday? 你昨天给我打电话是什么时候？,4有时可用 It might bethat/who，It must have beenthat/who句型表示强调。 It might be his father that/who youre thinking of. 你牵挂的可能是他父亲。 It must have been his brother that/who you saw. 你看到的一定是他的弟弟。,5notuntil结构的
7、强调句型 其强调句式为：It is/was not until被强调部分that其他成分。 He didnt go to bed until ten oclock. It was not until ten oclock that he went to bed. 直到10点他才上床睡觉。 I didnt realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses. It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a fa
8、mous film star. 直到她摘掉墨镜我才认出她是一个著名影星。,6对谓语动词的强调 Is is/waswho/that结构不能强调谓语动词。如果需要强调谓语动词，用助动词do，does或did。 Do come this evening. 今天晚上一定要来啊。 He did write to you last week. 上周他的确给你写信了。 Tom does study hard now. 现在汤姆的确学习很努力。,【温馨提示】如果由特殊疑问词引导的强调结构在句中作宾语从句时，从句必须使用陈述语序，不可用疑问语序。 He asked me who it was that took
9、 his umbrella by mistake. 他问我是谁错拿了他的雨伞。,二、倒装句 1完全倒装 谓语动词完全置于主语之前的句子便是完全倒装句。 (1)表示地点、时间或方位等的副词或介词(短语)，如：here，there, now, then, up, down, in, out, away, off, in the room, on the wall等，置于句首，且主语是名词时。 Down came the rain and up went the umbrella. 下雨了，伞撑起来了。 Out rushed the children laughing loudly. 孩子们大笑着冲
10、了出去。 【温馨提示】主语为人称代词时，则不倒装。,(2)such置于句首时。 Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man and the 20th centurys greatest scientist. 这就是阿尔伯特爱因斯坦，一个质朴的人，也是20世纪最伟大的科学家。,此句型中的such多被认为是表语，所以such后的be动词应与其后真正的主语保持一致。 Such are the facts; no one can deny them. 这些就是事实，没有人能否定它们。,2部分倒装 只把谓语的一部分(多为助动词或情态动词或be动词)置于主语之前的句子，叫
11、部分倒装句。 (1)sobe动词/助动词/情态动词主语，意为“也是如此”。 They love having lots of friends; so do I. 他们喜欢交很多朋友，我也是如此。 (2)neither/norbe动词/助动词/情态动词主语，意为“也不这样”。 Lily cant ride a bicycle; neither/nor can Lucy. 莉莉不会骑自行车，露西也不会。,(3)否定词never，seldom, nor, not，little, hardly, scarcely，rarely等或表示否定意义的介词短语at no time，under/in no ci
12、rcumstances，in no case，by no means，on no condition等置于句首时。 Hardly/Scarcely had he sat down when the bell rang. No sooner had he sat down than the bell rang. 他刚坐下，电话就响了。,(4)only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且都放在句首时。 Only then did I begin to understand him. 就在那时，我才开始理解他。 【温馨提示】only修饰主语时，句子不倒装。 Only he can answer the
13、question. 只有他能回答这个问题。,(5)sothat和suchthat句式中，so 或 such及其所修饰的部分置于句首时，主句用部分倒装。 So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood. 他英语说得如此清楚，以至于别人都能听懂。 (6)if引导的虚拟语气的句子中，如果省略if需倒装。 Were I you? I would work hard. 如果我是你，我会努力工作。 Had you told me earlier, I would have offered some he
14、lp. 如果你早点告诉我，我就会提供一些帮助。,(7)在 as/though 引导让步状语从句中，当从句的表语/状语/动词位于句首时，用部分倒装。如果位于句首的是单数可数名词，其前不加冠词。 Strange as it may seem, if youre unsatisfied，the issue is not a lack of means to meet your desires but a lack of desires. 尽管这听起来很奇怪，但是如果你不满意，问题不是缺少满足你的欲望的方法，而是你根本就没有欲望。 (8)“may动词原形”表示祝愿，通常将 may 置于句首，构成倒装语
15、序。 May you succeed! 祝你成功！,3形式倒装 形式上的倒装在语法上称为前置。它的特点是只把强调的内容提至句首，主谓并不倒装。这样的结构非常多。但有几个重要的句型需要特别留意： (1)感叹句 What an interesting talk they had! How interesting their talk was! 他们进行了一次多么有趣的谈话！ (2)the more， the more句型 The more you listen to English，the easier it becomes. 你听英语听得越多，它就变得越简单。,(3)whatevern.或how
16、everadj./adv.引导的让步状语从句 Whatever reasons you have，you should carry out your promise. 无论你有什么理由，你都应当履行诺言。 However difficult the problem may be, we must work it out this evening. 不管这个问题多难，我们今天晚上必须把它解决。,三、省略句 1复合句中的省略 在 as if, if, though, when, where, while, no matter what，until等引导的从句中，若谓语部分含be动词，而主语又与主句的主语一致或从句主语是it时，从句的主语和谓语中的be动词可以一起省略。 All the photographs in this book, unless (the pho
