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1、Section Grammar & Writing,Unit 7 The sea,关系副词引导定语从句 当先行词在定语从句中作状语时，通常要用关系副词引导定语从句。常用的关系副词有where，when，why等。 一、关系副词where 1where引导的定语从句的先行词往往是表示地点的名词(如place，room，house，spot，school，country等)，在从句中作地点状语。 They went into the hall where the meeting was being held.他们走进正在开会的大厅。,2where可以引导非限制性定语从句。 Galileo live
2、d in the city of Pisa，where there is a leaning tower about 180 feet high. 伽利略住在比萨城，那里有座大约180英尺高的斜塔。 3关系副词where常可用“介词关系代词”构成的表示地点的介词短语代替。 The office where (at which) he works is not far from here.他工作的办公室离这儿不远。 Japan is the place where (in which) earthquakes frequently happen.日本是地震频繁爆发的地方。,温馨提示 where引
3、导定语从句和状语从句的区别： 引导定语从句时，where是关系副词，在从句中作地点状语，其前有表示地点的名词作先行词，从句修饰先行词；引导状语从句时，where是从属连词，从句修饰主句的谓语动词，where前面没有表示地点的名词。 Hes got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane.(定语从句) 他使自己陷入了一种危险的情况，他很可能会失去对飞机的控制。 When you read the book，youd better make a mark where y
4、ou have questions.(状语从句) 读这本书的时候，你最好在有疑问的地方做一下标记。,二、关系副词when 1when引导定语从句时，先行词往往是表示时间的名词(如time，day，week，month，year等)，在从句中作时间状语。 He came at a time when I least expected him. 他在我最意料不到的时候来了。 Ill never forget the day when I left for college with my father.我永远不会忘记我和父亲动身去大学的那天。,2when可以引导非限制性定语从句。 In the ol
5、d days，when I was a little boy，the city had no industry to speak of. 在过去，那时我还小，这个城市没有工业可言。 3关系副词when有时可用“介词关系代词”代替。 I still remember the day when(on which)I joined the Youth League.我仍然记得我加入共青团的那一天。,三、关系副词why 1why引导定语从句时，先行词往往是表示原因的词(如reason，explanation，excuse等)，在从句中作原因状语。 Do you know the reason why
6、she burst into tears? 你知道她突然大哭的原因吗？ This is the explanation why he changed the plan. 这是他改变计划的解释。 2关系副词why有时可用“介词关系代词”代替。 The reason why (for which) he succeeded in the exam is that he worked very hard. 他这次考试成功的原因是他学习非常努力。,四、关系代词和关系副词的选择 当先行词是表示时间的time，day等或表示地点的place，house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构。如果缺少主语或宾语，应
7、用关系代词that或which，如果缺少时间状语或地点状语，应用关系副词when或where。 Ill never forget the days which/that we spent together.(which/that作spent的宾语) 我永远忘不了我们一起度过的日子。,His father works in a factory which/that makes radio parts.(which/that在从句中作主语) 他父亲在一家生产无线电零件的工厂里工作。 The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down
8、.(where在从句中作地点状语) 我十年前住的房子已经被推倒了。,形容词与副词的比较级 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级是高考必考的语法项目，必须熟练掌握其用法。对于形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法应注意以下具体问题： 1表示倍数几个句型 (1)倍数as形容词/副词原级as. (2)倍数形容词/副词比较级than. (3)倍数the性质名词of. (4)The名词be倍数what从句,(5)The名词be倍数that/those of. At a rough estimate，Nigeria is three times the size of Great Britain. At a roug
9、h estimate，Nigeria is three times as big as Great Britain. At a rough estimate，Nigeria is twice bigger than Great Britain. 粗略估算，尼日利亚的面积是大不列颠的3倍。 The output of this year is 3 times that of 2014. The output of this year is 3 times what it was in 2014. 今年的产量是2014年的三倍。,2同级的比较用as.as，the same.as，such.as引导
10、。 Mr.Li is as good a teacher as Mr.Zhou；both of them are deeply loved by their students.李老师与周老师一样慈祥，他们都被他们的学生所深深爱戴。 3与比较级有关的结构及运用 (1)more and more意为“越来越”，其后接名词(不可数名词或可数名词复数均可)，也可修饰形容词、副词、介词短语、动词等。 More and more people are concerning themselves with environmental problems.越来越多的人关心环境问题。,(2)the比较级，the比
11、较级表示“越，就越”。 The harder you work，the more progress you will make. 你越努力，取得的进步就越大。 (3)否定比较级最高级 He has never spent a more worrying day. 他过了最担心的一天。 (4)“no比较级than”结构 “no比较级than”结构通常不是表示一般意义的否定，而是表示对两个待比较的对象同时进行否定，通常可理解为“与一样不”。 You are no more careful than he is. 你和他一样不仔细。,4比较级的修饰语常见的有： (1)rather，much，stil
12、l，even，far，any(常用于否定句或疑问句)，a lot，a little，a great deal，by far，a bit等。 (2)还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。 (3)修饰最高级的有by far，nearly，almost，by no means等。 The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River.现在正在修建的这座桥是迄今为止跨越黄河的最长的桥。,(3)注意比较结构中的省略现象。 在日常交际中，彼此都明白的比较对象往往省略。 What do you think of t
13、he film? 你认为这部电影怎么样？ I have never seen a better one.(后边省略了than the film)我从没有看过更好的一部。 Toms composition，if not better(后边省略了than Jacks)，is at least as good as Jacks.汤姆的作文,如果不比杰克的好,至少跟他的一样好。 这种省略现象给考生正确判断造成一定的障碍，在高考中出现频率较高，应引起足够的重视。,.句型转换 1The school where his sister works is a key school in Hebei Provi
14、nce. The school _ is a key school in Hebei Province. 2There was a time，when there were no radios，telephones or TV sets here. There was a time，_， telephones or TV sets here.,at which his sister works,during which time there were no radios,3Have you ever been to the house where Lu Xun once lived? Have
15、 you ever been to the house_？ 4This is the reason why the computer cannot entirely replace man. This is the reason_,in which Lu Xun once lived,for which the computer cannot entirely replace man,5I was born on Oct.1st，when our nation was set up. I was born on Oct.1st，_. 6This story is more interesting than that one. That story isnt_this one. That story is_than this one.,on which our nation was set up,as interesting as,less interesting,7The weather in Shandong is cold，and its much col
