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1、Unit 3 Looking good, feeling good,Non-restrictive attributive clauses & Question tags,Grammar and usage,1. 定语从句 (attributive clauses) 通常由关系代词或关系副词引出。常见的关系代词有：which (指物)，that (既可指人又可指物)，who (指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语)，whom (指人，在定语从句中作宾语)，whose (指人或物，作定语)等。关系副词有: when (指时间)，where (指地点)，why (指原因)等。,2. 定语从句分为限制性定
2、语从句(restrictive ) 和非限制性定语从句(non-restrictive) 两种。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，与先行词之间一般不加逗号；非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常用逗号分开。,1. My mother, who you met last year, keeps telling me not to take them because they are dangerous. 2. Im taking weight-loss pills called Fat-Less, which are quite popular among young women here.,Non-restr
3、ictive attributive clauses:,3. My mother insisted on sending me to the hospital, where I received good medical treatment. 4. Its the same in Chinamany people, some of whom are not overweight at all, are always going on diet or taking weight-loss pills, which are often dangerous.,Differences between
4、the restrictive and non-restrictive attributive clauses.,Discussion,Look at the following examples and tell the differences between the sentences.,1. His father, who works in Beijing, came back yesterday. 2. Shanghai, which is in East China, is developing rapidly.,Example 1,Conclusion 1,当先行词是地名、人名、世
5、界上独一无二的事物或家庭唯一成员时，通常只用非限制性定语从句修饰。,1. I have a sister who / that works in a hospital. 我有一位在医院工作的姐姐。 2. I have a sister, who works in a hospital.我有一位姐姐，她在医院工作。,Example 2,不只一位姐姐,只有一位姐姐,3. The magazines here which / that have nice pictures in them were written by him. 里面有漂亮图画的那些杂志是他写的。 4. The magazines
6、here, which have nice pictures in them, were written by him. 所有的杂志都是他写的，里面都有漂亮的图画。,杂志有两类,杂志只有一类,Conclusion 2,1. 限制性定语从句与先行词关系密切，是先行词不可缺少的部分，如果去掉它，主句意思往往不明确。 2. 非限制性定语从句是对先行词的补充或说明，去掉它也不会影响主句的意思。,This is the house (which/ that )we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。 2. The house, which we bought last m
7、onth, is very nice. 这房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。,Example 3,限制性定语从句,非限制性定语从句,3. He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没领会我的意思，这使我心烦。,非限制性定语从句,Conclusion 3,1. 限制性定语从句可以由关系代词，关系副词来引导，关系代词作宾语时可以省略。 2. 非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词，又可修饰整个主句，不可用that引导且关系代词不可以省略。,1. The famous basketball star, _ com
8、es from America, will visit our school soon. 2. In those days, she used to go to Mr black, with _ she had a wonderful time. 3. I bought a car yesterday, _ cost me a lot.,which,whom,who,4. Xian, _ I visited last year, is a nice old city. 5. He will come to see me next July, _ he wont be so busy. 6. T
9、he school, _ I once studied, was built thirty years ago.,which,where,when,7. John said hed been working in the office for an hour, _ was true. 8. _ we all know, he is good at English.,As,which,非限制性定语从句考点归纳：,as和which引导非限制性定语从句，代替整个主句。,1. As everyone knows, China is a country with a long history. 众所周知
10、，中国是一个历史悠久的国家。,Example:,2. She is a teacher, as is clear from her manner. 她是个教师，这一点从她的举止可以清楚地看出。 3. He missed the show, which was really a great pity. 他错过了演出，这真是很大的遗憾。,Conclusion,1. as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，as和which可代替整个主句，相当于and this或and that。这两个关系代词都可指代主句所表达的整个意思,且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。,2. as和which引导非限制性定语
11、从句的不 同之处在于： (1) as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which引导的定语从句不可放在句首。 (2) as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若从句中的谓语为行为动词，则从句的关系代词只能用which。另外，as引导非限制性从句，常带有“正如”的意思。,Alice received an invitation from her boss, _ came as a surprise. 2. The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect. 3. _ is ex
12、pected, the England team won the football match.,As,which,which,4. It rained hard yesterday, _ prevented me from going to the park. 5. _ we can see, the smoke came from the little dustbin.,which,As,II. all / some/ of + whom / which引导非限制性定语从句,Example:,He has told us many stories, all of which are abo
13、ut the famous Long Match. 2. The students of Class 1, some of whom came from Japan, went camping yesterday.,Conclusion,在非限制性定语从句中，一些表达数量或定位的数词或代词如 all/ some/ one/ both/ neither/ none/ any/ either/ any 等可与 of 构成介词词组修饰限制先行词，此时先行词在其后的定语从句中作介词的宾语，关系代词不可用that。如先行词指人则用whom，如先行词指物则用which引导从句。,1. Many stude
14、nts in this school, some of which are not overweight, are going on diets. 2. There are 54 students in my class and ten of whom come from US.,whom,Correction:,them,3. Half a million pairs of shoes are produced by the workers here every year, 80% of whom are sold abroad. 4. I have many friends in this
15、 town, some of which are businessman. 5. I am doing different types of exercises, all of them are quite helpful to my health.,which,which 或 all 前加and,whom,Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, _, of course, made the others envy him. A. who B. that C. what D. which,Practice time,2. The English play, _ my students acted at the New Years party, was a great success. A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which,3. There were dirty marks on her trousers _ she had wiped her hands. A.
