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1、专题一 名词和冠词,-2-,词汇复习1(根据汉语提示填入以a开头的单词的适当形式,然后背诵情景,熟记以a开头的课标高频词汇。) 【情景】 Some adolescents in some academies (承认)to have been accustomed to the accommodations and its administration.They (抛弃)all the affairs that cant be (可得到的) in order to (实现)their ambitions.In (除此之外),they were (上了瘾的)to taking adventures
2、 and advertising.Sometimes they take (优势)of their abundant experience to do some absurd things in the foreign countries,which makes the ambassadors (指责)them of such activities,saying their behavior will (影响) them to accomplish their business and (获得)great achievements.,acknowledged,abandoned,accessi
3、ble,achieve,addition,addicted,advantage,accuse,affect,acquire,-3-,译文:一些学院的青年承认,他们已经习惯了大学的住宿与管理。为了实现他们的抱负,他们抛弃一切不可以得到的事情。此外,他们痴迷于冒险和做广告。有时候,他们利用他们丰富的经验,在国外做一些荒唐的事情,这使得大使们指责他们的这些活动,说他们的行为将影响他们完成他们的事业和获得巨大的成就。,-4-,名冠考查不复杂,前后语境细观察 1.(2015重庆卷改编)I just heard bank where Dora works was robbed by gunman wear
4、ing a mask.,答案,解析,-5-,2.(2015浙江卷改编)Janes grandmother had wanted to write childrens book for many years,but one thing or another always got in way.,答案,解析,-6-,3.(2015四川卷改编)Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be Beethoven.,答案,解析,-7-,4.(2015陕西卷改编) more learned a man is, more modest he
5、 usually becomes.,答案,解析,-8-,5.(2015江苏卷改编)Some schools will have to make (adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.,答案,解析,-9-,6.(2015江苏卷改编)Go and say sorry to your mom,Dave. Id like to,but Im afraid Mom wont be happy with my (apologise).,答案,解析,-10-,7.(2015湖北卷改编)When he was running after h
6、is brother,the boy lost his (balanced) and had a bad fall.,答案,解析,-11-,8.(2015湖北卷改编)He gave himself a new name to hide his (identify) when he went to carry out the secret task.,答案,解析,-12-,一,二,一、名词 1.名词的数 物质名词(如air,money)及抽象名词(如traffic,health)都是不可数名词。 (1)英语中常见的不可数名词有: homework,work,weather,fun,informa
7、tion,news,advice,furniture等。 (2)有些物质名词表示不同种类时可用复数形式。如: a variety of fruits;all kinds of fishes (3)常见的单复数意义不同的名词有: work(工作),works(作品);value(价值),values(价值观);manner(方式),manners(礼貌);custom(风俗),customs(海关)等。,-13-,一,二,(4)有些名词可做可数名词,也可做不可数名词:an experience “一次经历”,experience 为不可数名词时,意为“经验”;a difficulty “一件难事
8、”,difficulty为不可数名词时,意为“困难,辛苦”;a failure “一位失败者/一件失败的事”,failure为不可数名词时,意为“失败”;an honor “引起崇敬的人(事)”,honor 为不可数名词时,意为“荣誉,尊敬”。,-14-,一,二,2.名词的所有格 (1)有生命的人或物的所有格一般由名词加-s构成,几个人共有或几个词作为一个单位时,在最后一个名词后加-s;若表示各自的所属关系时,各名词的末尾都要加-s,因此要注意此时主谓一致的区别。如: Marys and Mikes mothers usually go to the cinema. 玛丽的妈妈和迈克的妈妈通常
9、去电影院。 Mary and Mikes mother is good at cooking. 玛丽和迈克的妈妈擅长于烹饪。 (2)无生命的事物的所有格一般采用“of+名词”结构。,-15-,一,二,3.名词做定语 名词在句子中除可充当主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、同位语外,还可用做定语,做定语时可作以下修饰成分: (1)说明被修饰的名词是什么原料制成的。如: 金牌gold medal;纸币paper money (2)说明被修饰的名词的用途、性质。如: 男学生boy student;咖啡杯coffee cup (3)说明被修饰的名词存在或发生的地点。如: 学校教育school educati
10、on;乡村生活country life,二、冠词 1.不定冠词的用法 (1)不定冠词a(n)表示“某一个”,相当于some。如: Could you tell me the way to the Johnsons,please? 你能告诉我去约翰逊家怎么走吗? Sorry,we dont have a Johnson here in the village. 对不起,这个村庄里没有一个叫约翰逊的人。 (2)不定冠词a(n)用于有形容词修饰的季节、日期前。如: We had a very cold winter last year. 去年我们度过了一个寒冷的冬天。 (3)“a(n)+序数词”表示
11、“又一,再一”。如: Can you give me a second chance,please? 请你再给我一次机会好吗?,-16-,一,二,-17-,一,二,2.定冠词的用法 (1)用在世界上独一无二的人或物、自然现象、表示方位或表示发明物等的名词前。如: The earth moves around the sun. 地球围绕太阳转。 Bell invented the telephone in 1876. 1876年贝尔发明了电话。 注意:有些物体虽然也是世界上独一无二的,但习惯上却不用冠词。如: space 太空;nature 自然;man 人类,-18-,一,二,(2)形容词比较
12、级前用定冠词表示“两者当中较的”,而形容词比较级前用不定冠词,表示“再/更”;most前用定冠词表示“三者或三者以上中最的”,most前用不定冠词,并无比较含义,相当于very。如: Which is the larger country,Canada or Australia? 加拿大和澳大利亚,哪个国家更大? You are the most beautiful girl that I have met. 你是我遇见的最美丽的女孩。 It is a most useful book.(a most useful相当于a very useful) 那是一本非常有用的书。 (3)乐器名称前往往
13、用定冠词。如: play the piano play the violin play the erhu(二胡),-19-,一,二,3.零冠词的使用 (1)在一个人(物)兼多种身份的情况下,只在第一个名词前使用冠词,其他名词前不再使用冠词。如: a clerk and writer 职员兼作家 (2)称呼语及表示独一无二的头衔、职务的名词做宾语补足语及同位语时,不加冠词。常用的名词有king,president,chairman,monitor,head等。如: We made Jack monitor of our class. 我们选杰克当我们班的班长。,-20-,一,二,三,一、用所给词
14、的适当形式或冠词填空 1.He gained his (wealthy)by printing (work)of some famous (write). 2.You cant step forward when seeing the (traffic)lights on. 3.Three (thief)broke into the bank with (knife)and as a result,all the (safe)devices of it were broken and the money inside was all lost. 4.Suddenly Tom fell into
15、 a cave six (foot)deep.Luckily,two (German)and two (Frenchman)who were passing by pulled him up.,wealth,works,writers,traffic,thieves,knives,safety,feet,Germans,Frenchmen,-21-,一,二,三,5.Early in the morning,he went to the (butcher)and returned with some (meat). 6. young man,while traveling through a d
16、esert,came across a spring of clear water. 7.Its said John will be in a job paying over $60,000 year. Right,he will also get paid by week. 8.Besides,shopping at this time of the year was not pleasant experience. 9.It is generally accepted that boy must learn to stand up and fight like man. 10.As is known to all, Peoples Republic of
