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1、一、派生词 (一)后缀法 1.变名词 (1)-ence,-ance结尾的名词: 存在existexistence 发生occuroccurrence 查阅/参考referreference 更喜欢/偏好preferpreference,不同differdifference 接受acceptacceptance 出现/外表appearappearance 履行performperformance 抵制resistresistance 指导guideguidance 进入enterentrance 保险insureinsurance 帮助assistassistance 忍受 endureendu
2、rance/toleratetolerance,典例1 Youd better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future (refer). 答案 reference 解析 句意:为了以后参考,你最好记下那个饭馆的电话号码。reference参 考。,(2)-tion,-sion结尾的名词: 生产produceproduction 介绍introduceintroduction 消费consumeconsumption 减少reducereduction 认为/假设assumeassumption/supposesuppo
3、sition 毁灭 destroydestruction 描写describedescription,打断 interruptinterruption 采纳/收养 adoptadoption 防止 preventprevention 接收/接待处receivereception 解决 solvesolution 进化evolveevolution 建议 suggestsuggestion 编辑/版本 editedition 展览 exhibitexhibition 打算/意图 intendintention,认出recognizerecognition 解释/定义 definedefiniti
4、on 保护 protectprotection 方向/指导directdirection 指令 instructinstruction 建设constructconstruction 注射 injectinjection 感染 infectinfection 驳斥 rejectrejection,反对 objectobjection/opposeopposition 连接connectconnection 收集 collectcollection 纠正 correctcorrection 视察 inspectinspection 挑选selectselection 选举 electelecti
5、on 限制 restrictrestriction 抵触/矛盾contradictcontradiction,保留 reservereservation 保存 preservepreservation 保护conserveconservation 观察observeobservation 挨饿starvestarvation 组织organizeorganization 文明 civilizecivilization 认识 realizerealization 考试examineexamination 决定determinedetermination 形成formformation 通知 in
6、forminformation 想象 imagineimagination 运输transporttransportation 邀请inviteinvitation 期待expectexpectation 诱惑 tempttemptation 改编/适应 adaptadaptation 移民 immigrateimmigration 模仿 imitateimitation 准备preparepreparation 探索exploreexploration,考虑considerconsideration 宣布 declaredeclaration 装饰 decoratedecoration 激发
7、/灵感 inspireinspiration 放松/休闲 relaxrelaxation 交流communicatecommunication 占用/职业 occupyoccupation 满足satisfysatisfaction 申请/应用 applyapplication 暗示 implyimplication 推荐 recommendrecommendation 口译/理解 interpretinterpretation 结合 combinecombination 操作/手术 operateoperation 犹豫hesitatehesitation 教育educateeducatio
8、n,定位 locatelocation 指出 indicateindication 参加 participateparticipation 计算 calculatecalculation 欣赏/感激appreciateappreciation 联想/协会 associateassociation 分离 separateseparation 冬眠 hibernatehibernation 赔偿 compensatecompensation 调查 investigateinvestigation 庆祝 celebratecelebration 祝贺 congratulatecongratulati
9、on 翻译 translatetranslation,积累 accumulateaccumulation 加速 accelerateacceleration 捐赠 donatedonation 解放liberateliberation 动力motivatemotivation 革新innovateinnovation 集中concentrateconcentration 游行/示威 demonstratedemonstration 贡献contributecontribution 分发 distributedistribution 促进 promotepromotion 致力 devotede
10、votion/dedicatededication 沮丧 frustratefrustration/depressdepression 印象impressimpression 表达expressexpression,拥有/财产possesspossession 讨论discussdiscussion 扩大 expandexpansion 延伸extendextension 承认 admitadmission 允许 permitpermission 排放 emitemission 爆炸explodeexplosion 结论concludeconclusion 决定 decidedecision
11、划分dividedivision 迷惑confuseconfusion 典例2 (2014安徽,29)Why not buy a second-hand car first if you dont have enough money for a new one? Thats a good (suggest).,答案 suggestion 解析 句意:如果你没有足够的钱买辆新车的话,为什么不先买辆二手 车呢?那个建议不错。根据句子结构可推知设空处需用名词形式,设空处 前有不定冠词,故设空处填suggestion。 (3)-ment结尾的名词: 广告 advertiseadvertisement
12、同意 agreeagreement 惊奇amazeamazement 吃惊 astonishastonishment 通告announceannouncement 安排 arrangearrangement 评估assessassessment 发展 developdevelopment 失望disappointdisappointment 雇用/就业employemployment,鼓舞 encourageencouragement 款待/娱乐entertainentertainment 装备 equipequipment 统治/政府governgovernment 改进improveimp
13、rovement 投资 investinvestment 卷入 involveinvolvement 管理 managemanagement 惩罚 punishpunishment 要求 requirerequirement 退休 retireretirement 定居/定居处settlesettlement 阐述/陈述 statestatement 对待/治疗treattreatment 以为基础/地下室basebasement,人行道 pavepavement 完成/成就achieveachievement/accomplishaccomplishment (4)-ness结尾的名词: a
14、dj.n. 意识awareawareness/consciousconsciousness 苦bitterbitterness 盲目blindblindness 冷静 calmcalmness 聪明 clevercleverness 疯狂crazycraziness 渴望 eagereagerness 公平fairfairness 愚蠢 foolishfoolishness 适合 fitfitness 幸福/愉快happyhappiness 疾病illillness 友好 kindkindness,懒惰 lazylaziness 孤独lonelyloneliness 宁静 quietquiet
15、ness 悲伤 sadsadness 严重性 seriousseriousness 甜美sweetsweetness 稳定 steadysteadiness 厚度thickthickness 累 tiredtiredness 弱点 weakweakness 冷/冷淡 coldcoldness 惶恐不安nervousnervousness 思乡 homesickhomesickness 粗心 carelesscarelessness 自私selfishselfishness 无私selflessselflessness/unselfishunselfishness 无助/无望helplesshelplessness/hopelesshopelessness,典例3 A proposal has been put forward at a recent video conference that mea- sures be taken to raise the citizens (aware)of traffic safety. 答案 awareness 解析 句意:在最近的一次电视会议上提出了一项新的建议,必须采取措施 来提高人们对交通安全的意识。根据
