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1、Units 1718Great women New Zealand (教师用书独具)第五节阅读理解题常见问题与解决方法高考阅读理解要求考生在3035分钟的时间内完成3到5篇不同题材、体裁的短文的理解，是整个高考试题中难度最大、区分度最高的题型。它不仅考查考生对语篇的整体把握能力，而且考查考生快速捕捉信息、准确理解特定细节以及复杂句子的能力。考生不仅要正确理解文章的表层意思，还要能通过表层意思去合理推断、挖掘文章的隐含意义和延伸意义。它是对考生知识和心理素质的综合检验。可以说，阅读理解得分率的高低在很大程度上决定着英语考试的成败。阅读理解的常见题型为：主旨大意题；分析推理题；细节理解题；猜测词义
2、题。其中以细节判断试题为主，并加大深层次理解试题和篇章结构试题的考查力度。一、近几年阅读理解的题型特点(一)词汇量不断攀升近几年高考阅读理解部分的阅读量一直保持增长的趋势，阅读量的增加意味着对阅读速度的要求在提高，因此我们要提醒和培养考生提高阅读速度。(二)更加注重综合理解能力的考查阅读理解能力测试的主要设题方式有：理解所读材料的主旨和大意；理解文中用以说明主旨和大意的事实和细节；根据上下文推断词、短语或句子的含义；根据文章的叙述，作出简单的推理判断；理解文章的基本篇章结构；理解作者的意图、观点和态度。阅读理解题型主要分为三类题型：问题一是主旨类；问题二是推理判断类；问题三是词义猜测和细节理解
3、类。下面我就这三类题型一一讲解一下高考阅卷中发现的常见问题和解决方法。问题一：主旨类常见问题问题二：推理判断类常见问题问题三：词义猜测和细节理解类常见问题问题一：主旨类常见问题问题描述与分析高考题对此类题型的考查综合性强，难度大，文章的题材丰富，需要学生综合多方信息，但是很多考生无法找到主题句，常被枝节表达所迷惑，所以对文章的主旨分析就会出现偏差导致失分。典例精析： 【例1】 (2009北京卷E篇)Camping wild is a wonderful way to experience the natural world and, at its best, it makes little e
4、nvironmental influence. But with increasing numbers of people wanting to escape into the wilderness, it is becoming more and more important to camp unobtrusively(不引人注目地) and leave no mark.Wild camping is not permitted in many places, particularly in crowded lowland Britain. Wherever you are, find ou
5、t about organizations responsible for managing wild spaces, and contact them to find out their policy on camping and shelter building. For example, it is fine to camp wild in remote parts of Scotland, but in England you must ask the landowners permission, except in national parks.Camping is about ha
6、ving relaxation, sleepingoutdoors, experiencing bad weather, and making do without modern conveniences. A busy, fullyequipped campsite(野营地) seems to go against this, so seek out smaller, more remote places with easy access to open spaces and perhaps beaches. Better still, find a campsite with no roa
7、d access: walking in makes a real adventure.Finding the right spot to camp is the first step to guaranteeing a good nights sleep. Choose a campsite with privacy and minimum influence on others and the environment. Try to use an area where people have obviously camped before rather than creating a ne
8、w spot. When camping in woodland, avoid standing dead trees, which may fall on a windy night. Avoid animal runs and caves, and possible homes of biting insects. Make sure you have most protection on the windward side. If you make a fire, do so downwind of your shelter. Always consider what influence
9、 you might have on the natural world. Avoid damaging plants. A good campsite is found, not madechanging it should be unnecessary.(D) The passage is mainly about _.Athe protection of campsitesBthe importance of wild campingCthe human influence on campsitesDthe dos and donts of wild camping【答案解析】 选择D。
10、主旨大意题。文章首先指出随着越来越多的人热衷于野营，和谐野营变得愈来愈重要了，下文叙述的则是在野营过程中的注意事项，包括倡导做的事情和反对做的事情，所以D项最好地概括了文章大意。【例2】 (2009上海卷D篇)The latest research suggests that the key factor separating geniuses from the merely accomplished is not I. Q, a generally bad predictor of success. Instead, its purposeful practice. Top performe
11、rs spend more hours practicing their craft. If you wanted to picture how a typical genius might develop, youd take a girl who possessed a slightly above average language ability. It wouldnt have to be a big talent, just enough so that she might gain some sense of distinction. Then you would want her
12、 to meet, say, a novelist，who coincidentally shared some similar qualities. Maybe the writer was from the same town, had the same family background, or, shared the same birthday. This contact would give the girl a vision of her future self. It would give her some idea of a fascinating circle she mig
13、ht someday join. It would also help if one of her parents died when she was 12, giving her a strong sense of insecurity and fuelling a desperate need for success. Armed with this ambition, she would read novels and life stories of writers without end. This would give her a primary knowledge of her f
14、ield. Shed be able to see new writing in deeper ways and quickly understand its inner workings.Then she would practice writing. Her practice would be slow, painstaking and errorfocused. By practicing in this way, she delays the automatizing process. Her mind wants to turn conscious, newly learned sk
15、ills into unconscious, automatically performed skills. By practicing slowly, by breaking skills down into tiny parts and repeating, she forces the brain to internalize a better pattern of performance. Then she would find an adviser who would provide a constant stream of feedback, viewing her perform
16、ance from the outside, correcting the smallest errors, pushing her to take on tougher challenges. By now she is redoing problemshow do I get characters into a roomdozens and dozens of times. She is establishing habits of thought she can call upon in order to understand or solve future problemsThe primary quality our young writer possesses is not some mysterious genius. Its the ability to develop a purpo
