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1、专题八 名词性从句,名词性从句思维流程,知识点一 主语从句,1.主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语。引导主语从句的词如下： who, that, which, what, when, where, how, whether，why, whoever, whichever, whatever等。 What I want to drink is coffee. 我想喝的是咖啡。 That you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time. 长久以来我听到的最好的消息就是你要来伦敦。 When they will
2、come hasnt been made public. 他们来的时间没有公布。,2.whoever, whatever, whichever引导的主语从句： whoever相当于anyone who，表明泛指关系，表示“任何的人都”。 whatever相当于anything that。 whichever意为“无论哪个，无论哪些”。既可指人，也可指物；既可单独使用，也可修饰名词，也可跟of短语连用。 Whoever comes will be welcome. 谁来都会欢迎。 Whatever was said here must be kept secret. 在这里所说的一切都要保密。
3、Whichever book you choose doesnt matter to me. 你选哪本书不关我的事。,3.(1)it作形式主语，从属连词that引导的从句作真正的主语。,Itbe形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable等)that从句。 It isnt likely that I should accept such an offer as that. 我不可能接受像那样的帮助。 Itbe名词词组(no wonder, a
4、n honor, a good thing, a pity, no surprise等)that从句。 Its no surprise that our team has won the game. 我们队获胜一点都不令人吃惊。,Itbe过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged等)that从句。 It is decided that the meeting has been put off till next Monday. 会议被推迟到下周一召开已经定下来了。 It动词/动词短语(seem, ap
5、pear, happen, matter, turn out, occur to, make no difference等)that从句。 It suddenly occurred to her that Joe was afraid of being alone. 她突然想到乔害怕独自一个人呆着。,(2)it作形式主语，连接代词、连接副词或whether/if引导的主语从句作真正的主语。 It is uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients ha
6、ve taken it. 尽管大约两千名患者已经服用了这种药，但是它会带来什么样的副作用还不清楚。 It is not immediately clear whether the financial crisis will soon be over. 经济危机是否会很快结束，短时间内不会很明显。,(1)what与that在引导主语从句时的区别。 what引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语、宾语、表语，而that引导从句，不充当成分。 What you said yesterday is right.你昨天说的是对的。 (what引导主语从句，作said的宾语) That she is
7、still alive is a consolation.她还活着真是一件令人慰藉的事情。(that引导主语从句，不作任何成分，但不可省略),(2)主语从句若含有“是否”意义，其引导词只能用whether，不能用if。 Whether he will be able to come tomorrow remains a question.他明天是否能来仍然是个问题。 what引导名词性从句时，必须在句中担当主、宾、表等成分，意为“的事或东西”，一般也不能用逗号和主句分割开来，插入语除外。,1.It is still under discussion _ the old bus station
8、should be replaced with a modern hotel or not. 答案 whether 句意：那个旧公交车站是否应该被一家现代化宾馆所取代仍在讨论中。考查名词性从句。“It”作形式主语， “_ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not”作真正的主语。根据句意及题干中的“or not”可知答案为whether，“whether.or not”在名词性从句中意为：是否。,2._ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imag
9、ination of the writer. 答案 What 本题考查名词性从句的引导词。句意：使这本书如此与众不同的是作者创造性的想象力。分析句子结构可知，_makes the book so extraordinary为主语从句，从句缺少主语，要用What引导。,我们队比赛获胜使我们很高兴。 【误】Our team won the match pleased us very much. 【正】It pleased us very much that our team won the match. 【正】That our team won the match pleased us very
10、much. 误点：_,知识点二 宾语从句,1.宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。引导宾语从句的词有： that, what, whether, if, where, when, whatever，whoever等。 We must find out who did all this. 我们必须查明谁做了这个。 He said (that) he liked rain very much and that he wouldnt use an umbrella when it was raining. 他说他非常喜欢下雨，下雨天他都不愿用伞。,2.由whatever, whichever, whoe
11、ver, whosever引导的宾语从句。 You may do whatever you like. 你可以做任何你喜欢的事。 Return the book to whosever name is on it. 把书还给书上写名字的人。,3.由whether或if引导的宾语从句，要保持陈述句语序。此外， whether与if在作“是否”讲时，一般可以换用，但在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if。 (1)引导的从句作介词宾语时。 Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。 (2)从句后有or
12、not时。 I wonder whether he will come or not. 我想知道他来还是不来。 (3)后接动词不定式时。 Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 你能否告诉我是去还是留吗？,4.宾语从句中的形式宾语it。,在“及物动词宾语宾语补足语”的结构中，宾语如果是由从句来担任，则通常放在宾补的后面，用形式宾语it来代替它，此时，that一般不可省。 I made it clear that I was determined to carry out the plan. 我很清楚，我已下定决心实施这项计划。 I find it n
13、ecessary that we should spend more time practising spoken English. 我发现我们花更多时间练习英语口语是必要的。,5.宾语从句中的虚拟语气：,(1)desire愿望， demand要求，insist坚决要求， order命令， request请求， suggest建议， propose提议，这些词后的宾语从句用虚拟语气。宾语从句的谓语形式： shoulddo，should可以省略。 He insisted that she (should) stay here for another week. 他坚持要求她应该在这再待一周。 T
14、hey suggested that we (should) start at once. 他们建议我们立即开始。 (2)wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气。,一般情况下介词后只能用wh-类连接词引导宾语从句。 We are talking about whether we admit students into our club. 注意： (1)where引导的从句有时也可用作介词的宾语。 We could see the temple quite clearly from where we lived. (2)that引导的从句作介词的宾语是很少有的，只有在except, in, but等介词
15、后偶尔可能用到。 Your composition is quite good except that the organization is a bit loose.,The teacher can tell us if the meeting will be held tomorrow. 【误】如果明天召开会议，老师会告诉我们。 【正】老师能告诉我们明天是否召开会议。 误点：_,Many young people in the West are expected to leave _ could be lifes most important decisionmarriagealmost
16、entirely up to luck. 答案 what 考查名词性从句。句意：许多西方年轻人都把人生中最主要的决定婚姻几乎都归因为运气。what一词作从句的主语，并引导宾语从句，作动词leave的宾语。,知识点三 表语从句,在复合句中放在系动词之后，作表语的从句称为表语从句。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。 1.表语从句的引导词主要有： that(不可省略), whether(不能换成if), what, who, which, how, why, when, where，whoever, wherever等。 The reason is that he missed the early bus. 原因是他错过了早班车。,The quest
