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1、课时作业(十四)Unit 4Astronomy：the science of the stars.用所给词的适当形式填空1.She tapped him_(gentle) on the shoulder.2.The_(presence) situation cannot be allowed to continue.3.Like his brother，she likes music very much，but_(like) him，she is much more careful in her studies.4.We cant_without water.That means our_de
2、pends on water.(exist)5.Drinking a little wine is_to your health，but smoking has a_effect on you.(harm)6.Seeing the_scene，the girl trembled_as she was afraid of_.(violent)7.I often read of incidents of misunderstanding or conflict.Im left_(puzzle)8.6_(multiply) by 5，the result is 30.9.Look！There is
3、something_(float) on the water.10._(pull)out of a recession is a lengthy and drawnout process.答案：1.gently2.present3.unlike4.exist；existence5.harmless；harmful6.violent；violently; violence7.puzzled8.multiplied9.floating10.Pulling.完成句子1.Will you be home_(及时看看孩子)before they go to bed？2.Youve made me suf
4、fer in the past，so now you，_(轮到你了)，suffer again！3.The other day my pet cat_(分娩)a new little cat.4.Some of them_(对有很大危害)the environment in the past ten years.5.Hearing that some measures had been taken in time_(阻止污染的进一步恶化)，they all cheered up.6._(有可能)these plants will be moved next year.7.The new bri
5、dge is_(三倍宽)that one built last year.8.When the war_(爆发)，the two countries broke off their diplomatic relations.答案：1.in time to see the children2.in your turn3.gave birth to4.have done great harm to5.to prevent the pollution from getting bad to worse6.There is a chance/Chances are that7.three times
6、the width of8.broke out.阅读理解(2014北京卷)Choosing the Right Resolution (决定)Millions of Americans began 2014 with the same resolution they started 2013 with，a goal of losing weight.However，setting weight loss as a goal is a mistake.To reach our goal of losing weightthe output，we need to control what we e
7、atthe input(输入)That is，we tend to care about the output but not to control the input.This is a bad way to construct goals.The alternative is to focus your resolution on the input.Instead of resolving to lose weight，try an actionable resolution：“Ill stop having dessert for lunch，” or “Ill walk every
8、day for 20 minutes.”Creating a goal that focuses on a wellspecified input will likely be more effective than concentrating on the outcome.Recently a new science behind incentives (激励)，including in education，has been discussed.For example，researcher Roland Fryer wanted to see what works best in motiv
9、ating children to do better in school.In some cases，he gave students incentives based on input，like reading certain books，while in others，the incentives were based on output，like results on exams.His main finding was that incentives increased achievement when based on input but had no effect when ba
10、sed on output.Fryers conclusion was that the incentives for inputs might be more effective because students do not know how to do better on an exam，aside from general rules like “study harder.”Reading certain books，on the other hand，is a wellset task over which they have much more control.As long as
11、 you have direct control over your goal，you have a much higher chance of success.And its easier to start again if you fail，because you know exactly what you need to do.If you want to cut down on your spending，a good goal would be making morning coffee at home instead of going to a caf，for example.Th
12、is is a wellspecified actionbased goal for which you can measure your success easily.Spending less money isnt a goal because its too general.Similarly，if you want to spend more time with your family，dont stop with this general wish.Think about an actionable habit that you could adopt and stick to，li
13、ke a family movie night every Wednesday.In the long run，these new goals could become a habit.语篇导读：本文是一篇议论文。许多人在制订目标时，往往过多地关注“输出”(结果)，而没有把目标的实现落实在具体的“输入”(过程)中。本文通过生活中的一些实例以及研究成果，对于如何选择行之有效的目标给出了一些指导。1.The writer thinks that setting weight loss as a goal is a mistake because _.Ait is hard to achieve f
14、or most AmericansBit is focused too much on the resultCit is dependent on too many thingsDit is based on actionable decisions答案：B解析：细节理解题。由第二段中.we tend to care about the output but not to control the input.可知，之所以说将减肥作为一个目标是一个错误是因为我们过于注重“输出”，而并不注重“输入”，故B项正确。A项对于大多数美国人来说实现减肥这个目标很难，文章并未提及，可排除；对于C项所说的“减
15、肥取决于太多的事情”，这一点文章也未提及；由第二段中的Instead of resolving to lose weight，try an actionable resolution.可以看出，作者认为将减肥作为奋斗目标是一个错误是因为它并不是一个可行的目标，这与D项的表述恰恰相反，故排除D项。2.In Roland Fryers research，some students did better than the others because _.Athey obeyed all the general rulesBthey paid more attention to examsCthey were motivated by their classmatesDthey were rewarded for reading some books
